{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130097981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/428078","title":"Performance Modeling for FPGAs: Extending the Roofline Model with High-Level Synthesis Tools","display_name":"Performance Modeling for FPGAs: Extending the Roofline Model with High-Level Synthesis Tools","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130097981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/428078","mag":"2130097981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2013/428078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/428078","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijrc/2013/428078.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194867674","display_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","issn_l":"1687-7195","issn":["1687-7195","1687-7209"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijrc/2013/428078.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078788396","display_name":"Bruno da Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-9688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bruno da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["INDI Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INDI Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011861898","display_name":"An Braeken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-915X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Braeken","raw_affiliation_strings":["INDI Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INDI Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045234765","display_name":"Erik D\u2019Hollander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3009-7106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik H. D\u2019Hollander","raw_affiliation_strings":["ELIS Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ELIS Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079271428","display_name":"Abdellah Touhafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8891-180X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdellah Touhafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETRO Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","INDI Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETRO Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INDI Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078788396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"apc_list":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"apc_paid":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"fwci":3.6254,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92799762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2013","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8646852970123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.848838746547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.7341809272766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6828319430351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-level-synthesis","display_name":"High-level synthesis","score":0.680038571357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5589466094970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5489094257354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.44842225313186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-computing","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","score":0.4132646322250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3595791459083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3264043927192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1503690481185913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8646852970123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.848838746547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.7341809272766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6828319430351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58013763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5754574","display_name":"High-level synthesis","level":3,"score":0.680038571357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5589466094970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5489094257354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44842225313186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.4132646322250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3595791459083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3264043927192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1503690481185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2013/428078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/428078","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijrc/2013/428078.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194867674","display_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","issn_l":"1687-7195","issn":["1687-7195","1687-7209"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:4226966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-4226966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1687-7195","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5165824cc9b546d089c6a80daab16db3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5165824cc9b546d089c6a80daab16db3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing, Vol 2013 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2013/428078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/428078","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijrc/2013/428078.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194867674","display_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","issn_l":"1687-7195","issn":["1687-7195","1687-7209"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2130097981.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2130097981.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101145582","https://openalex.org/W1579666790","https://openalex.org/W1964555888","https://openalex.org/W1974470441","https://openalex.org/W2002555321","https://openalex.org/W2028469001","https://openalex.org/W2051498260","https://openalex.org/W2054414374","https://openalex.org/W2059113806","https://openalex.org/W2059710204","https://openalex.org/W2066902804","https://openalex.org/W2067636748","https://openalex.org/W2096427789","https://openalex.org/W2106401215","https://openalex.org/W2127699991","https://openalex.org/W2281938652","https://openalex.org/W2377688731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281926497","https://openalex.org/W1612076744","https://openalex.org/W2269990635","https://openalex.org/W2612099726","https://openalex.org/W2108242004","https://openalex.org/W2129019972","https://openalex.org/W4312985392","https://openalex.org/W3164085601","https://openalex.org/W4313484792","https://openalex.org/W4282568311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,21,143,166],"potential":[1,71],"of":[2,28,85,140,153,156,171],"FPGAs":[3,24,36,95],"as":[4,174,176],"accelerators":[5],"for":[6,23,94,106],"high-performance":[7],"computing":[8],"applications":[9,160],"is":[10,97,146],"very":[11],"large,":[12],"but":[13],"many":[14],"factors":[15],"are":[16,44],"involved":[17],"in":[18,87,125],"their":[19],"performance.":[20],"design":[22,54,59,151],"and":[25,75,121,133],"the":[26,29,45,83,103,107,113,118,122,126,131,134,138,141,150,169,172],"selection":[27],"proper":[30],"optimizations":[31],"when":[32],"mapping":[33],"computations":[34],"to":[35,38,58,73,89,99,129,148,179],"lead":[37],"prohibitively":[39],"long":[40],"developing":[41],"time.":[42],"Alternatives":[43],"high-level":[46,61],"synthesis":[47],"(HLS)":[48],"tools,":[49,128],"which":[50,66,96],"promise":[51],"a":[52,91,154],"fast":[53],"space":[55],"exploration":[56,152],"due":[57],"at":[60],"or":[62],"analytical":[63],"performance":[64,69,92,132],"models":[65],"provide":[67],"realistic":[68],"expectations,":[70],"impediments":[72],"performance,":[74],"optimization":[76],"guidelines.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper":[80],"we":[81],"propose":[82],"combination":[84],"both,":[86],"order":[88],"construct":[90],"model":[93,111,145,173],"able":[98],"visually":[100],"condense":[101],"all":[102],"helpful":[104],"information":[105],"designer.":[108],"Our":[109],"proposed":[110,144],"extends":[112],"roofline":[114],"model,":[115],"by":[116],"considering":[117],"resource":[119,135],"consumption":[120],"parameters":[123],"used":[124],"HLS":[127,164,184],"maximize":[130],"utilization":[136],"within":[137],"area":[139],"FPGA.":[142],"applied":[147],"optimize":[149],"class":[155],"window-based":[157],"image":[158],"processing":[159],"using":[161],"two":[162],"different":[163],"tools.":[165],"results":[167],"show":[168],"accuracy":[170],"well":[175],"its":[177],"flexibility":[178],"be":[180],"combined":[181],"with":[182],"any":[183],"tool.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}