{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973370110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/134208","title":"A Simplified 3D Model of Whole Heart Electrical Activity and 12-Lead ECG Generation","display_name":"A Simplified 3D Model of Whole Heart Electrical Activity and 12-Lead ECG Generation","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973370110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/134208","mag":"1973370110","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23710247"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2013/134208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/134208","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2013/134208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2013/134208.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024586361","display_name":"Sini\u0161a Sovilj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7416-0152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sini\u0161a Sovilj","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7416-0152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076904221","display_name":"Ratko Magjarevi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-3906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ratko Magjarevi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060602596","display_name":"Nigel H. Lovell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel H. Lovell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049381733","display_name":"Socrates Dokos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7399-2712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Socrates Dokos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7399-2712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024586361"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":2.4677,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89750934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2013","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"Lead (geology)","score":0.6721568703651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3688993453979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3580719828605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18858754634857178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6721568703651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3688993453979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3580719828605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18858754634857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012849","descriptor_name":"Sinoatrial Node","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012849","descriptor_name":"Sinoatrial Node","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012849","descriptor_name":"Sinoatrial Node","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055724","descriptor_name":"Electrophysiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055724","descriptor_name":"Electrophysiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055724","descriptor_name":"Electrophysiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2013/134208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/134208","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2013/134208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23710247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23710247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and mathematical methods in medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:405934bea9fa40a1b263ba0be3697ec0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/405934bea9fa40a1b263ba0be3697ec0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol 2013 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2658318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3654639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2013/134208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/134208","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2013/134208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320380","display_name":"Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Australian Government","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320965","display_name":"University of New South Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W592974461","https://openalex.org/W1586692934","https://openalex.org/W1974652766","https://openalex.org/W1977098804","https://openalex.org/W2002377586","https://openalex.org/W2011135730","https://openalex.org/W2013111423","https://openalex.org/W2022981781","https://openalex.org/W2096585592","https://openalex.org/W2103139304","https://openalex.org/W2126830306","https://openalex.org/W2127164710","https://openalex.org/W2128383384","https://openalex.org/W2134864997","https://openalex.org/W2164544126","https://openalex.org/W2272962241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4255463199","https://openalex.org/W4281691423","https://openalex.org/W2411039299","https://openalex.org/W1856410221","https://openalex.org/W2318949977","https://openalex.org/W2334139353","https://openalex.org/W2390279801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,57],"present":[1],"a":[2,24,44,94,162],"computationally":[3],"efficient":[4],"three-dimensional":[5],"bidomain":[6,159],"model":[7,160,168],"of":[8,17,65,93,116,193],"torso-embedded":[9],"whole":[10,41,183,202],"heart":[11,42,48,150,184],"electrical":[12],"activity,":[13],"with":[14,28,47],"spontaneous":[15],"initiation":[16],"activation":[18],"in":[19],"the":[20,34,40,63,66,83,87,104,114,117,131,144],"sinoatrial":[21],"node,":[22],"incorporating":[23],"specialized":[25],"conduction":[26],"system":[27],"heterogeneous":[29],"action":[30],"potential":[31],"morphologies":[32,129],"throughout":[33],"heart.":[35],"The":[36],"simplified":[37,153],"geometry":[38],"incorporates":[39],"as":[43,53,141,143,174,187],"volume":[45,55],"source,":[46],"cavities,":[49],"lungs,":[50],"and":[51,76,79,90,138,148,154,167,170,182],"torso":[52,106],"passive":[54],"conductors.":[56],"placed":[58],"four":[59],"surface":[60],"electrodes":[61,81,102],"at":[62,103],"limbs":[64],"torso:":[67],"V":[68,71,74,77],"R":[69],",":[70,73],"L":[72],"F":[75],"GND":[78],"six":[80],"on":[82,201],"chest":[84],"to":[85,112,124,178,196],"simulate":[86,125],"Einthoven,":[88],"Goldberger-augmented":[89],"precordial":[91],"leads":[92],"standard":[95,133],"12-lead":[96],"system.":[97,120],"By":[98],"placing":[99],"additional":[100],"seven":[101],"appropriate":[105],"positions,":[107],"we":[108],"were":[109],"also":[110],"able":[111,123],"calculate":[113],"vectorcardiogram":[115,145],"Frank":[118],"lead":[119],"Themodel":[121],"was":[122],"realistic":[126],"electrocardiogram":[127],"(ECG)":[128],"for":[130],"12":[132],"leads,":[134,140],"orthogonal":[135],"X,":[136],"Y,":[137],"Z":[139],"well":[142],"under":[146],"normal":[147],"pathological":[149],"states.":[151],"Thus,":[152],"easy":[155],"replicable":[156],"3D":[157],"cardiac":[158],"offers":[161],"compromise":[163],"between":[164],"computational":[165],"load":[166],"complexity":[169],"can":[171],"be":[172],"used":[173],"an":[175],"investigative":[176],"tool":[177],"adjust":[179],"cell,":[180],"tissue,":[181],"properties,":[185],"such":[186],"setting":[188],"ischemic":[189],"lesions":[190],"or":[191],"regions":[192],"myocardial":[194],"infarction,":[195],"readily":[197],"investigate":[198],"their":[199],"effects":[200],"ECG":[203],"morphology.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-29T09:21:14.243279","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
