{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965899616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/938490","title":"A Power\u2010Efficient Soft\u2010Output Detector for Spatial\u2010Multiplexing MIMO Communications","display_name":"A Power\u2010Efficient Soft\u2010Output Detector for Spatial\u2010Multiplexing MIMO Communications","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965899616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/938490","mag":"1965899616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/938490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/938490","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/938490.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/938490.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068866816","display_name":"Hsiao-Chi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Chi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048371342","display_name":"Tung-Lin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-6865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tung-Lin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005618091","display_name":"Yuan-Wei Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Wei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101673453","display_name":"Hsi\u2010Pin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0837-4387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hsi-Pin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101673453"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04438528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6811389923095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6656222343444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6534338593482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6052249670028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.5733660459518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5273533463478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.4719718396663666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4681587219238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.46015694737434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schematic","display_name":"Schematic","score":0.43198758363723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.4315621852874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4195462465286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3388059139251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3270402252674103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29723483324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.27702903747558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14807209372520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1220044493675232}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6811389923095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6656222343444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6534338593482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6052249670028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.5733660459518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5273533463478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.4719718396663666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4681587219238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.46015694737434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192328126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4514647","display_name":"Schematic","level":2,"score":0.43198758363723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.4315621852874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4195462465286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3388059139251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3270402252674103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29723483324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.27702903747558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14807209372520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1220044493675232}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/938490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/938490","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/938490.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7574031ff53c45a68d292079d2fbc176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7574031ff53c45a68d292079d2fbc176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2012 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/938490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/938490","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/938490.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2317160810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSC-99-2221-E-007-050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","funder_display_name":"National Science Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2843843988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSC-98-2219-E-007-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","funder_display_name":"National Science Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3271018937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSC-99-2221-E-007-050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323092","funder_display_name":"National Tsing Hua University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5338912105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSC-99-2220-E-007-024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","funder_display_name":"National Science Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7496000578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSC-98-2219-E-007-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323092","funder_display_name":"National Tsing Hua University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8168663817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSC-99-2220-E-007-024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323092","funder_display_name":"National Tsing Hua University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316499","display_name":"National Applied Research Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322214","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322410","display_name":"MediaTek","ror":"https://ror.org/05g9jck81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323092","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965899616.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965899616.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562979145","https://openalex.org/W1997002146","https://openalex.org/W2045407304","https://openalex.org/W2054620919","https://openalex.org/W2100617359","https://openalex.org/W2102587899","https://openalex.org/W2104677471","https://openalex.org/W2112772743","https://openalex.org/W2118425896","https://openalex.org/W2119411189","https://openalex.org/W2122862809","https://openalex.org/W2126483728","https://openalex.org/W2133079932","https://openalex.org/W2138293524","https://openalex.org/W2141949717","https://openalex.org/W2148978817","https://openalex.org/W2160897074","https://openalex.org/W2168830205","https://openalex.org/W2543907405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2893995248","https://openalex.org/W2085207364","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2148868771","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W2901356766","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2139936226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"VLSI":[0],"implementation":[1],"of":[2,53,111,121,142],"a":[3,85,108,167],"configurable":[4],"power\u2010efficient":[5],"MIMO":[6],"detector":[7,33,55,67],"is":[8,28,150],"proposed":[9,29,66,96,164],"to":[10,21,30,34,39],"support":[11],"4":[12,14],"\u00d7":[13,113],"spatial":[15],"multiplexing":[16],"and":[17,38,44,77,132,147,153],"modulation":[18],"from":[19],"QPSK":[20,136],"64\u2010QAM.":[22],"A":[23],"novel":[24,86],"tree":[25],"search":[26],"algorithm":[27],"enable":[31],"the":[32,54,57,65,71,143,159,163],"provide":[35],"soft":[36],"outputs":[37],"be":[40],"implemented":[41],"in":[42,124,129,135],"parallel":[43],"pipelined":[45],"hardware":[46],"architecture.":[47],"The":[48,95,138],"frame":[49],"error":[50,80],"rate":[51],"(FER)":[52],"approaches":[56],"quasi\u2010optimal":[58],"sphere":[59],"decoder,":[60],"with":[61,91,107,158],"0.5\u2010dB":[62],"degradation.":[63],"Moreover,":[64],"can":[68],"operate":[69],"at":[70,81],"optimal":[72],"voltage":[73,88],"under":[74],"different":[75],"configurations":[76,149],"detect/recover":[78],"timing":[79],"run":[82],"time":[83],"by":[84],"adaptive":[87],"scaling":[89],"technique":[90],"double":[92],"sampling":[93],"circuitry.":[94],"detector,":[97],"using":[98],"TSMC":[99],"0.18":[100],"\u03bc":[101],"m":[102],"single\u2010poly":[103],"six\u2010metal":[104],"CMOS":[105],"process":[106],"core":[109],"area":[110],"1.17":[112,114],"mm":[115],"2":[116],",":[117],"provides":[118],"fixed":[119],"throughput":[120],"45":[122],"Mbps":[123,128,134],"64\u2010QAM":[125,146],"configuration,":[126,131],"120":[127],"16\u2010QAM":[130,148],"60":[133],"configuration.":[137],"normalized":[139],"power":[140,169],"efficiency":[141],"design":[144,165],"for":[145],"1.56":[151],"Mbps/mW":[152],"2.53":[154],"Mbps/mW,":[155],"respectively.":[156],"Compared":[157],"conservative":[160],"margin\u2010based":[161],"design,":[162],"achieves":[166],"48.8%":[168],"saving.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}