{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971715144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/937860","title":"Free Energy, Value, and Attractors","display_name":"Free Energy, Value, and Attractors","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971715144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/937860","mag":"1971715144","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22229042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/937860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/937860","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2012/937860.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2012/937860.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086852785","display_name":"Karl Friston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-8909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165524941","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/02704qw51","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151618","display_name":"National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery","ror":"https://ror.org/048b34d51","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340918713","https://openalex.org/I4210151618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl Friston","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151618","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I165524941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061224833","display_name":"Ping Ao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-628X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Ao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086852785"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I4210151618","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":3.8331,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":142,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93449042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7566210627555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surprise","display_name":"Surprise","score":0.7540725469589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.6257930397987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5642204284667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5258991122245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5152173638343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-energy-principle","display_name":"Free energy principle","score":0.45599645376205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.44360655546188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractor","display_name":"Attractor","score":0.4231563210487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38129091262817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.26390552520751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18540513515472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16471853852272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.10293462872505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09286931157112122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7566210627555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.7540725469589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6257930397987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5642204284667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5258991122245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5152173638343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33553690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014702","display_name":"Free energy principle","level":2,"score":0.45599645376205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44360655546188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164380108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507187","display_name":"Attractor","level":2,"score":0.4231563210487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38129091262817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26390552520751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18540513515472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16471853852272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.10293462872505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09286931157112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000220","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000220","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000220","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000220","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/937860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/937860","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2012/937860.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22229042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22229042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and mathematical methods in medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.222.9777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.222.9777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/%7Ekarl/Free%20Energy%20Value%20and%20Attractors.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:897f4ab6eecc4340b1e3371354d4ea3f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/897f4ab6eecc4340b1e3371354d4ea3f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol 2012 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1342844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1342844/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE   (ARTN 937)     (2012)      ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2261072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3249597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/937860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/937860","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2012/937860.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1971715144.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1971715144.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W160989634","https://openalex.org/W429051271","https://openalex.org/W593934247","https://openalex.org/W1483086805","https://openalex.org/W1504499192","https://openalex.org/W1515138319","https://openalex.org/W1561704653","https://openalex.org/W1568229137","https://openalex.org/W1578630563","https://openalex.org/W1582771551","https://openalex.org/W1593884796","https://openalex.org/W1601036473","https://openalex.org/W1606584452","https://openalex.org/W1871708413","https://openalex.org/W1944446569","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1966656445","https://openalex.org/W1968203843","https://openalex.org/W1971758547","https://openalex.org/W1973219195","https://openalex.org/W1974055000","https://openalex.org/W1977576450","https://openalex.org/W1977628053","https://openalex.org/W1978282545","https://openalex.org/W1981443979","https://openalex.org/W1985706433","https://openalex.org/W1985983039","https://openalex.org/W1988819089","https://openalex.org/W1991362484","https://openalex.org/W1994616650","https://openalex.org/W1998948338","https://openalex.org/W2003501808","https://openalex.org/W2003900693","https://openalex.org/W2004978206","https://openalex.org/W2005866069","https://openalex.org/W2006062868","https://openalex.org/W2013266622","https://openalex.org/W2022238029","https://openalex.org/W2026799324","https://openalex.org/W2037917209","https://openalex.org/W2040598998","https://openalex.org/W2044386301","https://openalex.org/W2045347463","https://openalex.org/W2047229728","https://openalex.org/W2048648663","https://openalex.org/W2056066754","https://openalex.org/W2056653303","https://openalex.org/W2061097716","https://openalex.org/W2067050450","https://openalex.org/W2070430318","https://openalex.org/W2073696559","https://openalex.org/W2073955207","https://openalex.org/W2083070231","https://openalex.org/W2092740013","https://openalex.org/W2105009406","https://openalex.org/W2113748017","https://openalex.org/W2115979064","https://openalex.org/W2117277172","https://openalex.org/W2117359342","https://openalex.org/W2117726420","https://openalex.org/W2119333483","https://openalex.org/W2119885245","https://openalex.org/W2122249653","https://openalex.org/W2125663122","https://openalex.org/W2127531110","https://openalex.org/W2127958135","https://openalex.org/W2129541348","https://openalex.org/W2130195834","https://openalex.org/W2132003317","https://openalex.org/W2134243390","https://openalex.org/W2135100787","https://openalex.org/W2137411342","https://openalex.org/W2137547003","https://openalex.org/W2137571295","https://openalex.org/W2140173765","https://openalex.org/W2145060720","https://openalex.org/W2145805610","https://openalex.org/W2147008239","https://openalex.org/W2152081677","https://openalex.org/W2152742892","https://openalex.org/W2152909569","https://openalex.org/W2153960487","https://openalex.org/W2158065370","https://openalex.org/W2160754686","https://openalex.org/W2162657038","https://openalex.org/W2166811440","https://openalex.org/W2168016523","https://openalex.org/W2264897026","https://openalex.org/W2282054059","https://openalex.org/W2317030384","https://openalex.org/W2321141082","https://openalex.org/W2329889558","https://openalex.org/W2411171543","https://openalex.org/W2487919169","https://openalex.org/W3004847442","https://openalex.org/W3022780580","https://openalex.org/W3105907531","https://openalex.org/W3121698465","https://openalex.org/W3125716315","https://openalex.org/W3135630760","https://openalex.org/W3139377883","https://openalex.org/W4249210107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4236382845","https://openalex.org/W4388712630","https://openalex.org/W2481168998","https://openalex.org/W2476994687","https://openalex.org/W642988558","https://openalex.org/W2324507472","https://openalex.org/W1999899047","https://openalex.org/W4236368883","https://openalex.org/W3016151757","https://openalex.org/W2076888175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1,95],"been":[2],"suggested":[3],"recently":[4],"that":[5,22,38,104,123],"action":[6,86],"and":[7,45,60,100,102,121],"perception":[8],"can":[9],"be":[10],"understood":[11],"as":[12],"minimising":[13,90],"the":[14,25,29,35,41,48,118,131,143],"free":[15,49,76],"energy":[16,50,77],"of":[17,34,89,133],"sensory":[18,91],"samples.":[19],"This":[20,113],"ensures":[21],"agents":[23,105,139],"sample":[24],"environment":[26,42],"to":[27,71,84,109,116,127,140,148],"maximise":[28,110],"evidence":[30],"for":[31],"their":[32],"model":[33],"world,":[36],"such":[37],"exchanges":[39],"with":[40],"are":[43],"predictable":[44],"adaptive.":[46],"However,":[47],"account":[51],"does":[52],"not":[53],"invoke":[54],"reward":[55,68],"or":[56],"cost-functions":[57],"from":[58,81],"reinforcement-learning":[59,94],"optimal":[61,124],"control":[62],"theory.":[63],"We":[64],"therefore":[65],"ask":[66],"whether":[67],"is":[69],"necessary":[70],"explain":[72,85],"adaptive":[73],"behaviour.":[74],"The":[75],"formulation":[78],"uses":[79],"ideas":[80],"statistical":[82],"physics":[83],"in":[87,98],"terms":[88],"surprise.":[92],"Conversely,":[93],"its":[96],"roots":[97],"behaviourism":[99],"engineering":[101],"assumes":[103],"optimise":[106],"a":[107],"policy":[108],"future":[111],"reward.":[112],"paper":[114],"tries":[115],"connect":[117],"two":[119],"formulations":[120],"concludes":[122],"policies":[125],"correspond":[126],"empirical":[128],"priors":[129],"on":[130],"trajectories":[132],"hidden":[134],"environmental":[135],"states,":[136],"which":[137],"compel":[138],"seek":[141],"out":[142],"(valuable)":[144],"states":[145],"they":[146],"expect":[147],"encounter.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-25T08:39:21.599409","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
