{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010558145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/794106","title":"Text\u2010Dependent Writer Identification for Arabic Handwriting","display_name":"Text\u2010Dependent Writer Identification for Arabic Handwriting","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010558145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/794106","mag":"2010558145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/794106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/794106","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/794106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/794106.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017608892","display_name":"Somaya Al-M\u00e1adeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-2899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Somaya Al-Maadeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017608892"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"apc_list":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"apc_paid":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"fwci":3.4317,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.925287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7959252595901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7575273513793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6794703602790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.656954288482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.6500621438026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-script","display_name":"Arabic script","score":0.5956721901893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.582861602306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5827565789222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.48380225896835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4599188566207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41747671365737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2310827374458313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7959252595901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7575273513793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6794703602790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.656954288482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.6500621438026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777323237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1828555","display_name":"Arabic script","level":3,"score":0.5956721901893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.582861602306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5827565789222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.48380225896835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4599188566207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41747671365737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2310827374458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/794106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/794106","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/794106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e80b5f06bef74239a3b4b03100df0093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e80b5f06bef74239a3b4b03100df0093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2012 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/31168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/31168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/794106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/794106","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/794106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322472","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010558145.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010558145.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163774565","https://openalex.org/W647557094","https://openalex.org/W1526436178","https://openalex.org/W1546044829","https://openalex.org/W1575402736","https://openalex.org/W1606323814","https://openalex.org/W1910117443","https://openalex.org/W1977865115","https://openalex.org/W2014802492","https://openalex.org/W2029957331","https://openalex.org/W2060755870","https://openalex.org/W2062219129","https://openalex.org/W2074812954","https://openalex.org/W2094214226","https://openalex.org/W2102895011","https://openalex.org/W2105571589","https://openalex.org/W2119587478","https://openalex.org/W2155896958","https://openalex.org/W2157004203","https://openalex.org/W2341614611","https://openalex.org/W3148076546","https://openalex.org/W4236098572","https://openalex.org/W4237443068","https://openalex.org/W4240691830","https://openalex.org/W4254389924","https://openalex.org/W4297632473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388180914","https://openalex.org/W2063708026","https://openalex.org/W2507888814","https://openalex.org/W3118925046","https://openalex.org/W4307308274","https://openalex.org/W597397715","https://openalex.org/W4391654281","https://openalex.org/W2093682362","https://openalex.org/W2894922719","https://openalex.org/W2890187879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,14,23,90],"system":[4],"for":[5,83,125],"text\u2010dependent":[6],"writer":[7,103,127,146,160],"identification":[8,69,104,128],"based":[9],"on":[10,67,159],"Arabic":[11,65,80,95,110,126,145,152],"handwriting.":[12],"First,":[13],"database":[15,78,92,108],"of":[16,64,71,93,109,134],"words":[17,82,112,153],"was":[18],"assembled":[19],"and":[20,61,122,154],"used":[21,100],"as":[22,139],"test":[24],"base.":[25],"Next,":[26],"features":[27],"vectors":[28],"were":[29,43],"extracted":[30],"from":[31,114],"writers\u2032":[32],"word":[33,47],"images.":[34],"Prior":[35],"to":[36,45,85,98,119],"the":[37,46,58,68,102,132],"feature":[38,59],"extraction":[39,60],"process,":[40],"normalization":[41],"operations":[42,63],"applied":[44],"or":[48],"text":[49,66,97],"line":[50],"under":[51],"analysis.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"work,":[55],"we":[56,87],"studied":[57],"recognition":[62],"rate":[70],"writers.":[72],"Because":[73],"there":[74],"is":[75,117],"no":[76],"well\u2010known":[77],"containing":[79],"handwritten":[81,111],"researchers":[84],"test,":[86],"have":[88,156],"built":[89],"new":[91],"offline":[94],"handwriting":[96],"be":[99],"by":[101],"research":[105],"community.":[106],"The":[107],"collected":[113],"100":[115],"writers":[116],"intended":[118],"provide":[120],"training":[121],"testing":[123],"sets":[124],"research.":[129],"We":[130],"evaluated":[131],"performance":[133],"edge\u2010based":[135],"directional":[136],"probability":[137],"distributions":[138],"features,":[140],"among":[141],"other":[142],"characteristics,":[143],"in":[144],"identification.":[147,161],"Results":[148],"suggest":[149],"that":[150],"longer":[151],"phrases":[155],"higher":[157],"impact":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}