{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018754467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/626717","title":"An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Solving Bilevel Multiobjective Programming Problem","display_name":"An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Solving Bilevel Multiobjective Programming Problem","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018754467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/626717","mag":"2018754467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/626717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/626717","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/626717.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/626717.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375762","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-2942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177739611","display_name":"Yangtze University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhmhz54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023","State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tiesong Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiesong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101698255","display_name":"Yue Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2247-6670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10011244","display_name":"Huanggang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/007gf6e19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10011244"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10011244"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102209230","display_name":"Xuning Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuning Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100375762"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611","https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":1130,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1130},"apc_paid":{"value":1130,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1130},"fwci":5.8385,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96572487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10545","display_name":"Optimization and Variational Analysis","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10545","display_name":"Optimization and Variational Analysis","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10969","display_name":"Water resources management and optimization","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.7905881404876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7186919450759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilevel-optimization","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","score":0.6709239482879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.5863005518913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5851275324821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle","display_name":"Pareto principle","score":0.5490990281105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-optimal","display_name":"Pareto optimal","score":0.5238345265388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.501004695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46962785720825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41297513246536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.360000878572464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.7905881404876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7186919450759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.6709239482879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.5863005518913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5851275324821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.5490990281105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986314615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36829","display_name":"Pareto optimal","level":3,"score":0.5238345265388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.501004695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46962785720825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41297513246536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.360000878572464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/626717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/626717","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/626717.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CULeuclid:euclid.jam/1355495105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jam/1355495105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400787","display_name":"Project Euclid (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:jnljam:626717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/JAM/2012/626717.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b800a5685ee4d1c80431b18f64c0a28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b800a5685ee4d1c80431b18f64c0a28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol 2012 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/626717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/626717","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/626717.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1849610310","display_name":"\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u5176\u6cdb\u5316\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71171151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G466059651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"50979073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018754467.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018754467.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75245544","https://openalex.org/W154816048","https://openalex.org/W217831350","https://openalex.org/W1484068505","https://openalex.org/W1488976018","https://openalex.org/W1536852012","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1601972095","https://openalex.org/W1604175135","https://openalex.org/W1676470423","https://openalex.org/W1970976252","https://openalex.org/W1975320652","https://openalex.org/W1977398984","https://openalex.org/W1983370583","https://openalex.org/W1990676004","https://openalex.org/W2004336659","https://openalex.org/W2016969860","https://openalex.org/W2029002433","https://openalex.org/W2033330109","https://openalex.org/W2046204418","https://openalex.org/W2058637990","https://openalex.org/W2071707442","https://openalex.org/W2084575232","https://openalex.org/W2087319099","https://openalex.org/W2088692617","https://openalex.org/W2097731086","https://openalex.org/W2124659975","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2163194391","https://openalex.org/W2170631832","https://openalex.org/W2254218369","https://openalex.org/W2259507927","https://openalex.org/W2481910659","https://openalex.org/W2791753912","https://openalex.org/W4231147659","https://openalex.org/W4252848749","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6657754005"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994436307","https://openalex.org/W2550138382","https://openalex.org/W1963790170","https://openalex.org/W2073298047","https://openalex.org/W2033790662","https://openalex.org/W2090178682","https://openalex.org/W1989923016","https://openalex.org/W2586328217","https://openalex.org/W2062015398","https://openalex.org/W2049264236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"improved":[1,66],"particle":[2],"swarm":[3],"optimization":[4,53],"(PSO)":[5],"algorithm":[6,21],"is":[7,31,48,78,87],"proposed":[8,20,113],"for":[9,38,76],"solving":[10],"bilevel":[11,28],"multiobjective":[12,52],"programming":[13],"problem":[14,98],"(BLMPP).":[15],"For":[16],"such":[17],"problems,":[18],"the":[19,24,56,60,81,90,96,109,112],"directly":[22],"simulates":[23],"decision":[25],"process":[26],"of":[27,71,95,111],"programming,":[29],"which":[30],"different":[32],"from":[33],"most":[34],"traditional":[35],"algorithms":[36],"designed":[37],"specific":[39,44],"versions":[40],"or":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43],"assumptions.":[45],"The":[46],"BLMPP":[47,77],"transformed":[49],"to":[50,107],"solve":[51],"problems":[54],"in":[55],"upper":[57],"level":[58,62],"and":[59],"lower":[61],"interactively":[63],"by":[64],"an":[65],"PSO.":[67],"And":[68],"a":[69],"set":[70],"approximate":[72],"Pareto":[73,92],"optimal":[74,93],"solutions":[75,94],"obtained":[79],"using":[80],"elite":[82],"strategy.":[83],"This":[84],"interactive":[85],"procedure":[86],"repeated":[88],"until":[89],"accurate":[91],"original":[97],"are":[99,105],"found.":[100],"Finally,":[101],"some":[102],"numerical":[103],"examples":[104],"given":[106],"illustrate":[108],"feasibility":[110],"algorithm.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
