{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138097482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/467631","title":"Modified Firefly Algorithm","display_name":"Modified Firefly Algorithm","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138097482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/467631","mag":"2138097482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/467631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/467631","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/467631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/467631.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003201775","display_name":"Surafel Luleseged Tilahun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-981X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Surafel Luleseged Tilahun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058695573","display_name":"Hong Choon Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3253-0538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Choon Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003201775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"],"apc_list":{"value":1050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1050},"apc_paid":{"value":1050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1050},"fwci":21.5505,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":124,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99138849,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14174","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14174","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14228","display_name":"Religion and Sociopolitical Dynamics in Nigeria","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firefly-algorithm","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","score":0.9833468198776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firefly-protocol","display_name":"Firefly protocol","score":0.8800158500671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6132491827011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6100925803184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.5709883570671082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.533018171787262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5191761255264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4918241500854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3142295181751251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09285110235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.06642493605613708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154982244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451844","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","level":3,"score":0.9833468198776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107477482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22570039","display_name":"Firefly protocol","level":2,"score":0.8800158500671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6132491827011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6100925803184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.5709883570671082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.533018171787262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5191761255264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4918241500854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3142295181751251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09285110235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.06642493605613708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/467631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/467631","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/467631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CULeuclid:euclid.jam/1357153578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jam/1357153578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400787","display_name":"Project Euclid (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:jnljam:467631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/JAM/2012/467631.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:420ce9eab4574e1f81a222cb333324c0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/420ce9eab4574e1f81a222cb333324c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol 2012 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/467631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/467631","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/467631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2066339953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"304/PMATHS/6311126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","funder_display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138097482.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138097482.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W561091930","https://openalex.org/W1519405745","https://openalex.org/W1523741643","https://openalex.org/W1543659671","https://openalex.org/W1596914020","https://openalex.org/W1613273921","https://openalex.org/W2007864618","https://openalex.org/W2008772536","https://openalex.org/W2013605640","https://openalex.org/W2036258737","https://openalex.org/W2065401134","https://openalex.org/W2070640868","https://openalex.org/W2077658674","https://openalex.org/W2094853367","https://openalex.org/W2485094453","https://openalex.org/W2502655619","https://openalex.org/W3159068915","https://openalex.org/W3203127690","https://openalex.org/W4246565613","https://openalex.org/W4254191750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2222304693","https://openalex.org/W1599691202","https://openalex.org/W4200439108","https://openalex.org/W2940563633","https://openalex.org/W2490269892","https://openalex.org/W2757862489","https://openalex.org/W2411884393","https://openalex.org/W2138097482","https://openalex.org/W2984874436","https://openalex.org/W2912808862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Firefly":[0],"algorithm":[1,13,53,148],"is":[2,14,35,67,107,122,135,142],"one":[3,154],"of":[4,20,46,83,120,131],"the":[5,17,23,42,47,52,84,95,100,118,129,132,138,145,152,157],"new":[6],"metaheuristic":[7],"algorithms":[8],"for":[9],"optimization":[10],"problems.":[11],"The":[12],"inspired":[15],"by":[16,87],"flashing":[18],"behavior":[19],"fireflies.":[21],"In":[22,75],"algorithm,":[24],"randomly":[25],"generated":[26],"solutions":[27],"will":[28,57,72,111],"be":[29,58],"considered":[30],"as":[31],"fireflies,":[32],"and":[33,64],"brightness":[34,101],"assigned":[36],"depending":[37],"on":[38,41],"their":[39],"performance":[40],"objective":[43,133],"function.":[44],"One":[45],"rules":[48],"used":[49],"to":[50,60,93],"construct":[51],"is,":[54],"a":[55,61,105,126],"firefly":[56,86,147],"attracted":[59],"brighter":[62,69,85],"firefly,":[63,70],"if":[65],"there":[66],"no":[68],"it":[71,110,141],"move":[73],"randomly.":[74],"this":[76,80],"paper":[77],"we":[78],"modify":[79],"random":[81,89],"movement":[82],"generating":[88],"directions":[90],"in":[91,98,113,124,155],"order":[92],"determine":[94],"best":[96,158],"direction":[97,106],"which":[99],"increases.":[102],"If":[103],"such":[104,125],"not":[108],"generated,":[109],"remain":[112],"its":[114],"current":[115],"position.":[116],"Furthermore":[117],"assignment":[119],"attractiveness":[121],"modified":[123,146],"way":[127],"that":[128,144],"effect":[130],"function":[134],"magnified.":[136],"From":[137],"simulation":[139],"result":[140],"shown":[143],"performs":[149],"better":[150],"than":[151],"standard":[153],"finding":[156],"solution":[159],"with":[160],"smaller":[161],"CPU":[162],"time.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
