{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965007777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/305415","title":"A Graph Approach to Observability in Physical Sparse Linear Systems","display_name":"A Graph Approach to Observability in Physical Sparse Linear Systems","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965007777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/305415","mag":"1965007777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/305415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/305415","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/305415.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/305415.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048196598","display_name":"S. V\u00e1zquez-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Santiago Vazquez-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grupo Integrado de Ingeniera, Universidade da Coru a, Mendizbal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain","Grupo Integrado de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Mendiz\u00e1bal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo Integrado de Ingeniera, Universidade da Coru a, Mendizbal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo Integrado de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Mendiz\u00e1bal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042150381","display_name":"J.A. Gomollon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0912-3130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas \u00c1. Gomoll\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grupo Integrado de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Mendiz\u00e1bal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo Integrado de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Mendiz\u00e1bal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036723055","display_name":"Richard J. Duro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-524X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard J. Duro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grupo Integrado de Ingeniera, Universidade da Coru a, Mendizbal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain","Grupo Integrado de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Mendiz\u00e1bal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo Integrado de Ingeniera, Universidade da Coru a, Mendizbal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo Integrado de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Mendiz\u00e1bal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035030491","display_name":"Fernando L\u00f3pez Pe\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3848-0321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando L\u00f3pez Pe\u00f1a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grupo Integrado de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Mendiz\u00e1bal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo Integrado de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Mendiz\u00e1bal S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048196598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"],"apc_list":{"value":1025,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1025},"apc_paid":{"value":1025,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1025},"fwci":0.3455,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59142228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12772","display_name":"Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.9681301712989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-system","display_name":"Physical system","score":0.6452949643135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5387502908706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.525238037109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4991273880004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.45113712549209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4484993815422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-variable","display_name":"State variable","score":0.42460116744041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3744819164276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3604859709739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.32056140899658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.27206310629844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.20755988359451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.16165611147880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08108928799629211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.9681301712989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.6452949643135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5387502908706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.525238037109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4991273880004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.45113712549209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4484993815422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129537906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603913","display_name":"State variable","level":2,"score":0.42460116744041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3744819164276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3604859709739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.32056140899658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27206310629844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.20755988359451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.16165611147880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08108928799629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/305415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/305415","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/305415.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CULeuclid:euclid.jam/1357179952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jam/1357179952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400787","display_name":"Project Euclid (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:jnljam:305415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/JAM/2012/305415.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dbe662371e614ca8814bfba72bbf04e9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dbe662371e614ca8814bfba72bbf04e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol 2012 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/305415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/305415","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/305415.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2329510948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TIN2011-28753-C02-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2495017520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TIN2011-28753-C02-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4397378381","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"09DPI012166PR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4741285793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"09DPI012166PR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6702241913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10DPI005CT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6898506237","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10DPI005CT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","display_name":"Xunta de Galicia","ror":"https://ror.org/0181xnw06"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965007777.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965007777.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601782989","https://openalex.org/W1953412370","https://openalex.org/W1967228470","https://openalex.org/W1971604476","https://openalex.org/W1973031292","https://openalex.org/W1994368767","https://openalex.org/W2009552150","https://openalex.org/W2018042555","https://openalex.org/W2020118810","https://openalex.org/W2025565923","https://openalex.org/W2054256383","https://openalex.org/W2094664405","https://openalex.org/W2101020981","https://openalex.org/W2102417554","https://openalex.org/W2103191065","https://openalex.org/W2110954114","https://openalex.org/W2119197001","https://openalex.org/W2142867598","https://openalex.org/W2149686805","https://openalex.org/W2150048213","https://openalex.org/W2165501718","https://openalex.org/W2181780053","https://openalex.org/W2296217093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154600465","https://openalex.org/W2128617825","https://openalex.org/W2133763599","https://openalex.org/W4367369716","https://openalex.org/W1988913627","https://openalex.org/W2171925894","https://openalex.org/W2466168273","https://openalex.org/W4287512175","https://openalex.org/W1978062608","https://openalex.org/W1997455639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,139],"sparse":[1,116],"linear":[2,86,117,144],"system":[3,76,119,124,146],"constitutes":[4],"a":[5,9,75,100,115,123,130,135,143,175],"valid":[6],"model":[7],"for":[8,162,180],"broad":[10],"range":[11],"of":[12,39,56,59,69,74,85,114,159,174,185,192],"physical":[13,28,118],"systems,":[14,87],"such":[15],"as":[16],"electric":[17],"power":[18],"networks,":[19],"industrial":[20],"processes,":[21],"control":[22],"systems":[23,32],"or":[24],"traffic":[25],"models.":[26],"The":[27,62],"magnitudes":[29],"in":[30,43,108,190],"those":[31,160],"may":[33],"be":[34,127],"directly":[35],"measured":[36],"by":[37],"means":[38],"sensor":[40,137],"networks":[41],"that,":[42],"conjunction":[44],"with":[45],"data":[46],"obtained":[47],"from":[48],"contextual":[49],"and":[50,152,165,177],"boundary":[51],"constraints,":[52],"allow":[53],"the":[54,57,60,67,71,79,83,112,157,172,183,186,197],"estimation":[55],"state":[58,72],"systems.":[61],"term":[63],"observability":[64,113,167],"refers":[65],"to":[66,93,110,142],"capability":[68],"estimating":[70],"variables":[73],"based":[77,104],"on":[78],"available":[80],"information.":[81],"In":[82,97],"case":[84,191],"diffierent":[88],"graphical":[89],"approaches":[90],"were":[91],"developed":[92,198],"address":[94],"this":[95,98],"issue.":[96],"paper":[99],"new":[101],"unified":[102],"graph":[103],"technique":[105],"is":[106,147],"proposed":[107],"order":[109,132],"determine":[111],"or,":[120],"at":[121],"least,":[122],"that":[125],"can":[126],"linearized":[128],"after":[129],"first":[131],"derivative,":[133],"using":[134],"given":[136],"set.":[138],"network":[140],"associated":[141],"equation":[145],"introduced,":[148],"which":[149,163],"allows":[150],"addressing":[151],"solving":[153],"three":[154],"related":[155],"problems:":[156],"characterization":[158,173],"cases":[161],"algebraic":[164],"topological":[166,181],"analysis":[168],"return":[169],"contradictory":[170],"results;":[171],"necessary":[176],"sufficient":[178],"condition":[179],"observability;":[182],"determination":[184],"maximum":[187],"observable":[188],"subsystem":[189],"unobservability.":[193],"Two":[194],"examples":[195],"illustrate":[196],"techniques.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
