{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080565523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/242401","title":"Four Machine Learning Algorithms for Biometrics Fusion: A Comparative Study","display_name":"Four Machine Learning Algorithms for Biometrics Fusion: A Comparative Study","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080565523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/242401","mag":"2080565523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/242401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/242401","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2012/242401.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2012/242401.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087127477","display_name":"I. G. Damousis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. G. Damousis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249","https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082556477","display_name":"Savvas Argyropoulos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Argyropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249","https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087127477"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"],"apc_list":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"apc_paid":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"fwci":1.238,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8313093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12417","display_name":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9302999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.9061000347137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8087266087532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6952972412109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.690330982208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5542049407958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.47870567440986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4298561215400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37370774149894714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.9061000347137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8087266087532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6952972412109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.690330982208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5542049407958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.47870567440986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4298561215400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37370774149894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/242401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/242401","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2012/242401.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b7f739be92a48a1a4f408435b9fe3e9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b7f739be92a48a1a4f408435b9fe3e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing, Vol 2012 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/242401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/242401","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2012/242401.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8598392925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP6-026990","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2080565523.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2080565523.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1567185349","https://openalex.org/W2015245929","https://openalex.org/W2076047580","https://openalex.org/W2079325629","https://openalex.org/W2083993964","https://openalex.org/W2109943925","https://openalex.org/W2115694019","https://openalex.org/W2130012476","https://openalex.org/W2134711356","https://openalex.org/W2136461127","https://openalex.org/W2138745909","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2152150600","https://openalex.org/W2161169729","https://openalex.org/W2337287328","https://openalex.org/W2904250082","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3193477162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2095239294","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W2028665553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"examine":[1],"the":[2,10,84,91,99,105,109,116,127],"efficiency":[3],"of":[4,12,46,75,104],"four":[5],"machine":[6],"learning":[7,68],"algorithms":[8,24,106],"for":[9],"fusion":[11,45,111,123],"several":[13],"biometrics":[14,20,47,81,110],"modalities":[15],"to":[16,49,62,115],"create":[17],"a":[18,73,78],"multimodal":[19],"security":[21,50,65],"system.":[22],"The":[23,44,102],"examined":[25],"are":[26],"Gaussian":[27],"Mixture":[28],"Models":[29],"(GMMs),":[30],"Artificial":[31],"Neural":[32],"Networks":[33],"(ANNs),":[34],"Fuzzy":[35],"Expert":[36],"Systems":[37],"(FESs),":[38],"and":[39,57,83,120],"Support":[40],"Vector":[41],"Machines":[42],"(SVMs).":[43],"leads":[48],"systems":[51,119],"that":[52,108],"exhibit":[53],"higher":[54],"recognition":[55],"rates":[56],"lower":[58],"false":[59],"alarms":[60],"compared":[61],"unimodal":[63,118],"biometric":[64],"systems.":[66],"Supervised":[67],"was":[69],"carried":[70],"out":[71],"using":[72],"number":[74],"patterns":[76,89],"from":[77,90],"well-known":[79],"benchmark":[80],"database,":[82],"validation/testing":[85],"took":[86],"place":[87],"with":[88],"same":[92],"database":[93],"which":[94],"were":[95],"not":[96],"included":[97],"in":[98,126],"training":[100],"dataset.":[101],"comparison":[103],"reveals":[107],"system":[112],"is":[113],"superior":[114],"original":[117],"also":[121],"other":[122],"schemes":[124],"found":[125],"literature.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}