{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967596317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/162106","title":"Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection: Comparative Evaluation in Scenes with Diverse Complexity","display_name":"Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection: Comparative Evaluation in Scenes with Diverse Complexity","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967596317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/162106","mag":"1967596317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/162106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/162106","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/162106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/162106.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075271216","display_name":"Dirk Borghys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150517870","display_name":"Royal Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02vmnye06","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Borghys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department CISS, Royal Military Academy, 2007 Brussels","Department CISS, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department CISS, Royal Military Academy, 2007 Brussels","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department CISS, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021240779","display_name":"Ingebj\u00f8rg K\u00e5sen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163244428","display_name":"Norwegian Defence Research Establishment","ror":"https://ror.org/0098gnz32","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingebj\u00f8rg K\u00e5sen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Land and Air Systems Division, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), 2007 Kjeller","Land and Air Systems Division, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Land and Air Systems Division, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), 2007 Kjeller","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Land and Air Systems Division, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075223740","display_name":"V\u00e9ronique Achard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-8161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801658355","display_name":"Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/005y2ap84","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00e9ronique Achard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical and Applied Optics Department, French Aerospace Laboratory (ONERA), FR-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4","Theoretical and Applied Optics Department, French Aerospace Laboratory, Toulouse Cedex 4, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical and Applied Optics Department, French Aerospace Laboratory (ONERA), FR-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical and Applied Optics Department, French Aerospace Laboratory, Toulouse Cedex 4, France#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038825428","display_name":"Christiaan Perneel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150517870","display_name":"Royal Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02vmnye06","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christiaan Perneel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy, Brussels","[Department of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy, Brussels","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075271216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"],"apc_list":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"apc_paid":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"fwci":3.9495,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93039717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9246081113815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.8727421760559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.8147271871566772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.6485822200775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6341544389724731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6232216954231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5921692252159119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5337207317352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.515433669090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4979557991027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.42484259605407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4208980202674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3288423418998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3287859559059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2027340829372406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9246081113815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.8727421760559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.8147271871566772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6485822200775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6341544389724731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6232216954231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5921692252159119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5337207317352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.515433669090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4979557991027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.42484259605407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4208980202674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3288423418998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3287859559059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2027340829372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/162106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/162106","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/162106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:76f1a9654d13468e9b97240db28f26ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/76f1a9654d13468e9b97240db28f26ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2012 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2012/162106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/162106","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/162106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324499","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336050","display_name":"Office National d'\u00e9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/005y2ap84"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1967596317.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1967596317.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528905581","https://openalex.org/W1970099214","https://openalex.org/W1971180200","https://openalex.org/W1990873931","https://openalex.org/W2007266074","https://openalex.org/W2007435767","https://openalex.org/W2009224394","https://openalex.org/W2012100296","https://openalex.org/W2013211397","https://openalex.org/W2014238333","https://openalex.org/W2021964110","https://openalex.org/W2024423687","https://openalex.org/W2040511445","https://openalex.org/W2047870694","https://openalex.org/W2061217393","https://openalex.org/W2061720469","https://openalex.org/W2062125287","https://openalex.org/W2069188167","https://openalex.org/W2070424424","https://openalex.org/W2086506050","https://openalex.org/W2089607420","https://openalex.org/W2091158826","https://openalex.org/W2099301440","https://openalex.org/W2111342864","https://openalex.org/W2113340030","https://openalex.org/W2114445866","https://openalex.org/W2115059240","https://openalex.org/W2124267685","https://openalex.org/W2124463804","https://openalex.org/W2126709888","https://openalex.org/W2142552707","https://openalex.org/W2143110143","https://openalex.org/W2149324654","https://openalex.org/W2156458885","https://openalex.org/W2165755981","https://openalex.org/W2168332395","https://openalex.org/W2948055175","https://openalex.org/W4253952376","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3030345572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anomaly":[0],"detection":[1,19,131],"(AD)":[2],"in":[3,24,43,48,56],"hyperspectral":[4,26,164],"data":[5,27,165],"has":[6],"received":[7],"a":[8,104,126,161],"lot":[9],"of":[10,17,99,128,141,153,163],"attention":[11],"for":[12,60,119],"various":[13],"applications.":[14],"The":[15,71,169],"aim":[16],"anomaly":[18,38,74,130,142],"is":[20,53,76,116],"to":[21],"detect":[22],"pixels":[23],"the":[25,34,44,49,51,57,62,65,69,77,82,86,92,97,100,121],"cube":[28],"whose":[29],"spectra":[30],"differ":[31,47],"significantly":[32],"from":[33],"background":[35,52,98],"spectra.":[36],"Many":[37],"detectors":[39],"have":[40,133],"been":[41,134],"proposed":[42],"literature.":[45],"They":[46],"way":[50],"characterized":[54],"and":[55,68,91,148,158,173],"method":[58],"used":[59],"determining":[61],"difference":[63],"between":[64,85],"current":[66],"pixel":[67,87],"background.":[70,93,122],"most":[72],"well\u2010known":[73],"detector":[75,79],"RX":[78,95],"that":[80,124],"calculates":[81],"Mahalanobis":[83],"distance":[84],"under":[88],"test":[89],"(PUT)":[90],"Global":[94],"characterizes":[96],"complete":[101],"scene":[102],"by":[103],"single":[105],"multivariate":[106],"normal":[107],"probability":[108],"density":[109],"function.":[110],"In":[111],"many":[112],"cases,":[113],"this":[114],"model":[115],"not":[117],"appropriate":[118],"describing":[120],"For":[123],"reason":[125],"variety":[127],"other":[129],"methods":[132],"developed.":[135],"This":[136],"paper":[137],"examines":[138],"three":[139],"classes":[140],"detectors:":[143],"subspace":[144],"methods,":[145,147],"local":[146],"segmentation\u2010based":[149],"methods.":[150],"Representative":[151],"examples":[152],"each":[154],"class":[155],"are":[156,171],"chosen":[157],"applied":[159],"on":[160],"set":[162],"with":[166],"diverse":[167],"complexity.":[168],"results":[170],"evaluated":[172],"compared.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
