{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011243991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/757868","title":"Soft Expert Sets","display_name":"Soft Expert Sets","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011243991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/757868","mag":"2011243991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/757868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/757868","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2011/757868.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104792724","display_name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","issn_l":"2090-3359","issn":["2090-3359","2090-3367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2011/757868.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047063473","display_name":"Shawkat Alkhazaleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2185-9928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shawkat Alkhazaleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor DE, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor DE, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112272826","display_name":"Abdul Razak Salleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5973-4633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Razak Salleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor DE, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor DE, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":200},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":200},"fwci":6.6712,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96622993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11671","display_name":"Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11671","display_name":"Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.7607388496398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7583610415458679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6698496341705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-set","display_name":"Soft set","score":0.5716243982315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.559030294418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.4920579791069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.4653542637825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.42268243432044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3496353328227997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11665663123130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.09868764877319336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.7607388496398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7583610415458679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6698496341705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777037408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4310193","display_name":"Soft set","level":3,"score":0.5716243982315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.559030294418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4920579791069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.4653542637825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.42268243432044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3496353328227997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11665663123130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.09868764877319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/757868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/757868","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2011/757868.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104792724","display_name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","issn_l":"2090-3359","issn":["2090-3359","2090-3367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:10cd14ea9e774ea7825e26b9155ecd0a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/10cd14ea9e774ea7825e26b9155ecd0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Decision Sciences, Vol 2011 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/757868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/757868","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2011/757868.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104792724","display_name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","issn_l":"2090-3359","issn":["2090-3359","2090-3367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2907075149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UKM-ST-06-FRGS0104-2009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","funder_display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2011243991.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2011243991.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965388297","https://openalex.org/W1978352585","https://openalex.org/W1982907249","https://openalex.org/W2069754181","https://openalex.org/W2083267403","https://openalex.org/W2143022601","https://openalex.org/W2498217826","https://openalex.org/W2573194801","https://openalex.org/W2795407492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133363928","https://openalex.org/W2389542812","https://openalex.org/W4295160116","https://openalex.org/W2381894592","https://openalex.org/W2030629278","https://openalex.org/W2951053994","https://openalex.org/W2065016859","https://openalex.org/W123759651","https://openalex.org/W177276596","https://openalex.org/W2227504378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,67],"1999,":[1],"Molodtsov":[2],"introduced":[3],"the":[4,54,70,74,88],"concept":[5,89,121],"of":[6,41,76,90,119],"soft":[7,92],"set":[8],"theory":[9],"as":[10],"a":[11,51,91],"general":[12],"mathematical":[13],"tool":[14],"for":[15],"dealing":[16],"with":[17,46,53,57],"uncertainty.":[18],"Many":[19],"researchers":[20],"have":[21],"studied":[22],"this":[23,84,120],"theory,":[24],"and":[25,36,65,99,112],"they":[26],"created":[27],"some":[28],"models":[29,43],"to":[30],"solve":[31],"problems":[32],"in":[33,62,79,83,122],"decision":[34],"making":[35],"medical":[37],"diagnosis,":[38],"but":[39],"most":[40],"these":[42],"deal":[44],"only":[45],"one":[47,80],"expert.":[48],"This":[49],"causes":[50],"problem":[52],"user,":[55],"especially":[56],"those":[58],"who":[59],"use":[60],"questionnaires":[61],"their":[63],"work":[64],"studies.":[66],"our":[68],"model,":[69],"user":[71],"can":[72],"know":[73],"opinion":[75],"all":[77],"experts":[78],"model.":[81],"So,":[82],"paper,":[85],"we":[86,115],"introduce":[87],"expert":[93],"set,":[94],"which":[95],"will":[96],"more":[97],"effective":[98],"useful.":[100],"We":[101],"also":[102],"define":[103],"its":[104],"basic":[105],"operations,":[106],"namely,":[107],"complement,":[108],"union":[109],"intersection":[110],"AND,":[111],"OR.":[113],"Finally,":[114],"show":[116],"an":[117],"application":[118],"decision-making":[123],"problem.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}