{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2096693621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/683976","title":"An Intelligent Information Retrieval Approach Based on Two Degrees of Uncertainty Fuzzy Ontology","display_name":"An Intelligent Information Retrieval Approach Based on Two Degrees of Uncertainty Fuzzy Ontology","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2096693621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/683976","mag":"2096693621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/683976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/683976","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/afs/2011/683976.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117816480","display_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1687-7101","issn":["1687-7101","1687-711X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/afs/2011/683976.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066322203","display_name":"Maryam Hourali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Hourali","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-179, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-179, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102985369","display_name":"Gholam Ali Montazer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-0293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gholam Ali Montazer","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-179, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-0293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-179, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"],"apc_list":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"apc_paid":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"fwci":1.368,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86165564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.8137744665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7318537831306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6545868515968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.6460511684417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5560175180435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5147349834442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-based-data-integration","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","score":0.5077856183052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4243015646934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suggested-upper-merged-ontology","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","score":0.41540759801864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.41323524713516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.35484474897384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2604992985725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1682206690311432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.8137744665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7318537831306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6545868515968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.6460511684417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5560175180435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5147349834442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22550185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095047","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","level":3,"score":0.5077856183052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4243015646934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50971890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635093","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","level":4,"score":0.41540759801864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.41323524713516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.35484474897384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2604992985725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1682206690311432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/683976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/683976","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/afs/2011/683976.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117816480","display_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1687-7101","issn":["1687-7101","1687-711X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:32f0c3eca1df47a58198165f37b9c85d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/32f0c3eca1df47a58198165f37b9c85d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems, Vol 2011 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2011/683976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/683976","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/afs/2011/683976.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117816480","display_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1687-7101","issn":["1687-7101","1687-711X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2096693621.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2096693621.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50595759","https://openalex.org/W54213230","https://openalex.org/W207279964","https://openalex.org/W1550786841","https://openalex.org/W1636492622","https://openalex.org/W2000976145","https://openalex.org/W2019716713","https://openalex.org/W2033598069","https://openalex.org/W2047483914","https://openalex.org/W2048272889","https://openalex.org/W2072208512","https://openalex.org/W2101161011","https://openalex.org/W2102381086","https://openalex.org/W2106866704","https://openalex.org/W2120257961","https://openalex.org/W2125268039","https://openalex.org/W2127841597","https://openalex.org/W2130720119","https://openalex.org/W2131136427","https://openalex.org/W2131175880","https://openalex.org/W2132314823","https://openalex.org/W2138713690","https://openalex.org/W2139212084","https://openalex.org/W2142487989","https://openalex.org/W2148221602","https://openalex.org/W2154767035","https://openalex.org/W2162366707","https://openalex.org/W2163040665","https://openalex.org/W2170213555","https://openalex.org/W2226116214","https://openalex.org/W2268983035","https://openalex.org/W2277173606","https://openalex.org/W2286940689","https://openalex.org/W2302483541","https://openalex.org/W2319091284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2732632690","https://openalex.org/W2015306306","https://openalex.org/W2066689607","https://openalex.org/W2363188691","https://openalex.org/W26549824","https://openalex.org/W4251889114","https://openalex.org/W2357775360","https://openalex.org/W2889792096","https://openalex.org/W1977671906","https://openalex.org/W2765352056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,95],"spite":[1],"of":[2,9,15,25,47,69,74,81,153,170],"the":[3,7,30,45,50,67,75,181],"voluminous":[4],"studies":[5],"in":[6,29,118,156,174],"field":[8],"intelligent":[10],"retrieval":[11,32,187,195],"systems,":[12],"effective":[13],"retrieving":[14],"information":[16,31,64],"has":[17,126,184],"been":[18,38,127,133],"remained":[19],"an":[20],"important":[21],"unsolved":[22],"problem.":[23],"Implementations":[24],"different":[26],"conceptual":[27,51],"knowledge":[28],"process":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35,40],"ontology":[36,56,92,103,130,149,165],"have":[37,132],"considered":[39],"a":[41,98,147],"solution":[42,85],"to":[43,61,66,87,190],"enhance":[44],"quality":[46],"results.":[48],"Furthermore,":[49],"formalism":[52],"supported":[53],"by":[54,112,135],"typical":[55],"may":[57],"not":[58],"be":[59],"sufficient":[60],"represent":[62],"uncertainty":[63,107,116,154],"due":[65],"lack":[68],"clear-cut":[70],"boundaries":[71],"between":[72],"concepts":[73,120],"domains.":[76],"To":[77],"tackle":[78],"this":[79,96],"type":[80],"problems,":[82],"one":[83],"possible":[84],"is":[86,109],"insert":[88],"fuzzy":[89,102,136,164],"logic":[90],"into":[91],"construction":[93],"process.":[94],"article,":[97],"novel":[99],"approach":[100],"for":[101,168],"generation":[104],"with":[105,150],"two":[106,151],"degrees":[108,152],"proposed.":[110],"Hence,":[111],"implementing":[113],"linguistic":[114],"variables,":[115],"level":[117],"domain's":[119],"(Software":[121],"Maintenance":[122],"Engineering":[123],"(SME)":[124],"domain)":[125],"modeled,":[128],"and":[129,145,159],"relations":[131],"modeled":[134],"theory":[137],"consequently.":[138],"Then,":[139],"we":[140],"combined":[141],"these":[142],"uncertain":[143],"models":[144],"proposed":[146,182],"new":[148],"both":[155],"concept":[157],"expression":[158],"relation":[160],"expression.":[161],"The":[162],"generated":[163],"was":[166],"implemented":[167],"expansion":[169],"initial":[171],"user's":[172],"queries":[173],"SME":[175],"domain.":[176],"Experimental":[177],"results":[178],"showed":[179],"that":[180],"model":[183],"better":[185],"overall":[186],"performance":[188],"comparing":[189],"keyword-based":[191],"or":[192],"crisp":[193],"ontology-based":[194],"systems.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
