{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002145273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/932467","title":"Analysis of Flue Gas Emission Data from Fluidized Bed Combustion Using Self-Organizing Maps","display_name":"Analysis of Flue Gas Emission Data from Fluidized Bed Combustion Using Self-Organizing Maps","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002145273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/932467","mag":"2002145273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2010/932467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/932467","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2010/932467.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2010/932467.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045394947","display_name":"Mika Liukkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-5226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mika Liukkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078854716","display_name":"Mikko Heikkinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9898-1916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Heikkinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060822042","display_name":"Eero H\u00e4likk\u00e4","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eero H\u00e4likk\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foster Wheeler Energia Oy, Operations, Engineering & Services, P.O. Box 201, 78201 Varkaus, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foster Wheeler Energia Oy, Operations, Engineering & Services, P.O. Box 201, 78201 Varkaus, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109113052","display_name":"Teri Hiltunen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teri Hiltunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foster Wheeler Energia Oy, Operations, Engineering & Services, P.O. Box 201, 78201 Varkaus, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foster Wheeler Energia Oy, Operations, Engineering & Services, P.O. Box 201, 78201 Varkaus, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108351119","display_name":"Yrj\u00f6 Hiltunen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yrj\u00f6 Hiltunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045394947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"],"apc_list":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"apc_paid":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"fwci":1.4579,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84638632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2010","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flue-gas","display_name":"Flue gas","score":0.7557024955749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6675748825073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5987052321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boiler","display_name":"Boiler (water heating)","score":0.5712929964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluidized-bed-combustion","display_name":"Fluidized bed combustion","score":0.5674567818641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion","display_name":"Combustion","score":0.5592070817947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5257521271705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.5062186121940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-state","display_name":"Process state","score":0.4857064187526703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.14149925112724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.1219521164894104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167206829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2556360","display_name":"Flue gas","level":2,"score":0.7557024955749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6675748825073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5987052321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780013297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19596153","display_name":"Boiler (water heating)","level":2,"score":0.5712929964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59269787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143002","display_name":"Fluidized bed combustion","level":3,"score":0.5674567818641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.5592070817947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5257521271705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5062186121940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183560197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247302","display_name":"Process state","level":3,"score":0.4857064187526703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14149925112724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.1219521164894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2010/932467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/932467","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2010/932467.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f50e78c67e564b33a4ede0691854b53c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f50e78c67e564b33a4ede0691854b53c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing, Vol 2010 (2010)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2010/932467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/932467","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2010/932467.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002145273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002145273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W962498352","https://openalex.org/W1479986428","https://openalex.org/W1513057682","https://openalex.org/W1518498072","https://openalex.org/W1544577158","https://openalex.org/W1549648910","https://openalex.org/W1570131942","https://openalex.org/W1964136459","https://openalex.org/W1968328201","https://openalex.org/W1975702545","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W2002595943","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2068295300","https://openalex.org/W2075813257","https://openalex.org/W2084695619","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2151568597","https://openalex.org/W2159275492","https://openalex.org/W2159478157","https://openalex.org/W2170130280","https://openalex.org/W2171209182","https://openalex.org/W2306319954","https://openalex.org/W3036192984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353265350","https://openalex.org/W2377165811","https://openalex.org/W2348557469","https://openalex.org/W2379102974","https://openalex.org/W4385334751","https://openalex.org/W2282919057","https://openalex.org/W2897568378","https://openalex.org/W2377599254","https://openalex.org/W2354159397","https://openalex.org/W2076889214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"combustion":[1],"of":[2,29,42,84,123],"fuels":[3],"with":[4,73],"lower":[5],"emissions":[6],"levels":[7],"has":[8],"become":[9],"a":[10,59,67],"demanding":[11],"task":[12],"in":[13,55],"modern":[14],"power":[15],"plants,":[16],"and":[17,39,46,94,98,118,147],"new":[18],"tools":[19],"are":[20],"needed":[21],"to":[22,33,47,77,137,153],"diagnose":[23],"their":[24,53],"energy":[25],"production.":[26],"The":[27,127],"goals":[28],"the":[30,40,56,74,81,85,102,115,120,132,144],"study":[31],"were":[32,111],"find":[34],"dependencies":[35],"between":[36],"process":[37,61,89,117,121,145],"variables":[38],"concentrations":[41],"gaseous":[43],"emission":[44,109],"components":[45],"create":[48,78],"multivariate":[49],"nonlinear":[50],"models":[51,110],"describing":[52],"formation":[54],"process.":[57,86],"First,":[58],"generic":[60],"model":[62],"was":[63,71],"created":[64],"by":[65],"using":[66],"self-organizing":[68],"map,":[69],"which":[70],"clustered":[72],"k-means":[75],"algorithm":[76],"subsets":[79],"representing":[80],"different":[82],"states":[83,90,100,146],"Characteristically,":[87],"these":[88],"may":[91],"include":[92],"high-":[93],"low-":[95],"load":[96,103],"situations":[97],"transition":[99],"where":[101],"is":[104,130,135],"increased":[105],"or":[106],"decreased.":[107],"Then":[108],"constructed":[112],"for":[113,119],"both":[114],"entire":[116],"state":[122],"high":[124],"boiler":[125],"load.":[126],"main":[128],"conclusion":[129],"that":[131,141,148],"methodology":[133],"used":[134],"able":[136],"reveal":[138],"such":[139],"phenomena":[140],"occur":[142],"within":[143],"could":[149],"otherwise":[150],"be":[151],"difficult":[152],"observe.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}