{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068780522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/316749","title":"Hierarchical Modulation with Vector Rotation for E\u2010MBMS Transmission in LTE Systems","display_name":"Hierarchical Modulation with Vector Rotation for E\u2010MBMS Transmission in LTE Systems","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068780522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/316749","mag":"2068780522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2010/316749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/316749","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2010/316749.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2010/316749.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101850065","display_name":"Hui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0070-0130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Xitucheng Road no.10, Haidian District, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Xitucheng Road no.10, Haidian District, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101761663","display_name":"Xiaoping Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-7698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Xitucheng Road no.10, Haidian District, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Xitucheng Road no.10, Haidian District, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111908120","display_name":"Yunchuan Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunchuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Xitucheng Road no.10, Haidian District, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Xitucheng Road no.10, Haidian District, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350664","display_name":"Wenbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-3189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Xitucheng Road no.10, Haidian District, Beijing 100029, China","Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Xitucheng Road no.10, Haidian District, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101850065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"apc_paid":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"fwci":0.8104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80230737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2010","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia-broadcast-multicast-service","display_name":"Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service","score":0.8966474533081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.798659086227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6421335935592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleaving","display_name":"Interleaving","score":0.6105493903160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.5457082390785217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4433949589729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.43012234568595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.314983606338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23198020458221436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77757571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501483","display_name":"Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service","level":3,"score":0.8966474533081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.798659086227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6421335935592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28034677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092530","display_name":"Interleaving","level":2,"score":0.6105493903160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.5457082390785217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4433949589729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.43012234568595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.314983606338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23198020458221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2010/316749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/316749","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2010/316749.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d7dff0bc9334344a46db7529a19ea4f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d7dff0bc9334344a46db7529a19ea4f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2010 (2010)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2010/316749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/316749","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2010/316749.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2068780522.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2068780522.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W2007234354","https://openalex.org/W2015428217","https://openalex.org/W2064475397","https://openalex.org/W2079612439","https://openalex.org/W2090657187","https://openalex.org/W2109447489","https://openalex.org/W2110529424","https://openalex.org/W2114770744","https://openalex.org/W2116921531","https://openalex.org/W2126130498","https://openalex.org/W2132944622","https://openalex.org/W2150940322","https://openalex.org/W2152596625","https://openalex.org/W2152670498","https://openalex.org/W2153530555","https://openalex.org/W2161941184","https://openalex.org/W2166812077","https://openalex.org/W2478708596","https://openalex.org/W2493309683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055253333","https://openalex.org/W1967449502","https://openalex.org/W1655266410","https://openalex.org/W2993217827","https://openalex.org/W3023573657","https://openalex.org/W1993771089","https://openalex.org/W2158245966","https://openalex.org/W964357986","https://openalex.org/W2525006863","https://openalex.org/W2188286521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enhanced":[0],"Multimedia":[1],"Broadcast":[2],"and":[3,31,47,124,146],"Multicast":[4],"Service":[5],"(E\u2010MBMS)":[6],"is":[7,37,52,82],"considered":[8],"of":[9,15,64],"key":[10],"importance":[11],"for":[12,41,54],"the":[13,60,65,91,101,106,137,143],"proliferation":[14],"Long\u2010Term":[16],"Evolution":[17],"(LTE)":[18],"network":[19],"in":[20,84,94,140],"mobile":[21],"market.":[22],"Hierarchical":[23],"modulation":[24],"(HM),":[25],"which":[26],"involves":[27],"a":[28,38],"\u201cbase\u2010layer\u201d":[29],"(BL)":[30],"an":[32],"\u201cenhancement\u2010layer\u201d":[33],"(EL)":[34],"bit":[35],"streams,":[36],"simple":[39],"technique":[40],"achieving":[42],"tradeoff":[43],"between":[44],"service":[45],"quality":[46,122],"radio":[48],"coverage.":[49,125],"Therefore,":[50],"it":[51],"appealing":[53],"MBMS.":[55],"Generally,":[56],"HM":[57,73,112,145],"suffers":[58],"from":[59,105],"severe":[61],"performance":[62],"degradation":[63],"less":[66],"protected":[67],"EL":[68,80],"stream.":[69],"In":[70,109],"this":[71,97,110],"paper,":[72],"with":[74,113,129,142],"vector":[75,114],"rotation":[76,115],"operation":[77,98],"introduced":[78],"to":[79,86],"stream":[81],"proposed,":[83],"order":[85],"improve":[87],"EL\u2032s":[88],"performance.":[89],"With":[90],"proper":[92],"interleaving":[93],"frequency":[95],"domain,":[96],"can":[99,116],"exploit":[100],"inherent":[102],"diversity":[103],"gain":[104],"multipath":[107],"channel.":[108],"way,":[111],"effectively":[117],"enhance":[118],"multimedia":[119],"broadcasting":[120],"on":[121],"video":[123,131],"The":[126],"simulation":[127],"results":[128],"scalable":[130],"coding":[132],"(SVC)":[133],"as":[134],"source":[135],"show":[136],"significant":[138],"benefits":[139],"comparison":[141],"conventional":[144],"alternative":[147],"schemes.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}