{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093022366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/452907","title":"Physical Layer Security Game: Interaction between Source, Eavesdropper, and Friendly Jammer","display_name":"Physical Layer Security Game: Interaction between Source, Eavesdropper, and Friendly Jammer","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093022366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/452907","mag":"2093022366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2009/452907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/452907","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2009/452907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2009/452907","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, TX, 77004, USA","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, TX, 77004, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013524010","display_name":"Ninoslav Marina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-0199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12337491","display_name":"University Graduate Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01svqjv39","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12337491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ninoslav Marina","raw_affiliation_strings":["UniK\u2014University Graduate Center, University of Oslo, Gunnar Randers vei 19, P.O. Box 70, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway","Univ. Graduate Center, Univ. of Oslo, Kjeller, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UniK\u2014University Graduate Center, University of Oslo, Gunnar Randers vei 19, P.O. Box 70, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12337491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Graduate Center, Univ. of Oslo, Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056145687","display_name":"M\u00e9rouane Debbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-8080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102475099","display_name":"Sup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/00n7gwn90","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102475099"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00e9rouane Debbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUPELEC, Plateau de Moulon, 3 rue Joliot-Curie, Bureau 5-24, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France","Sup\u00e9lec, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUPELEC, Plateau de Moulon, 3 rue Joliot-Curie, Bureau 5-24, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102475099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sup\u00e9lec, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102475099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106716690","display_name":"Are Hj\u00f8rungnes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12337491","display_name":"University Graduate Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01svqjv39","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12337491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Are Hj\u00f8rungnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["UniK\u2014University Graduate Center, University of Oslo, Gunnar Randers vei 19, P.O. Box 70, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway","Univ. Graduate Center, Univ. of Oslo, Kjeller, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UniK\u2014University Graduate Center, University of Oslo, Gunnar Randers vei 19, P.O. Box 70, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12337491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Graduate Center, Univ. of Oslo, Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063667378"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":{"value":1665,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1665},"apc_paid":{"value":1665,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1665},"fwci":7.3637,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97291413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2009","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8570681810379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.8388414978981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.7396546602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6193300485610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5658451318740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.49121683835983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4682760238647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24228966236114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.23189014196395874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8570681810379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.8388414978981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.7396546602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6193300485610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5658451318740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.49121683835983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4682760238647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24228966236114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.23189014196395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2009/452907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/452907","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2009/452907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.413.4147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.413.4147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/44/69/34/PDF/J0930.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.725.5541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.725.5541","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.laneas.com/sites/default/files/publications/J0930.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00446934v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://centralesupelec.hal.science/hal-00446934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2009, 21 p","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ffc307f91c1a4a1ab44469a2fc59c994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ffc307f91c1a4a1ab44469a2fc59c994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol 2009 (2009)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2009/452907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/452907","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2009/452907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3107317395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0910461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3422181925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0905556","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6851030701","display_name":"CT-ISG Collaborative Research:   Trusted Cooperative Transmission:   Turning a Security Weakness into a Security Enhancement","funder_award_id":"0910461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7940558998","display_name":"NeTS: Medium: Collaborative Research:  Cooperative Beamforming for Efficient and Secure Wireless Communication","funder_award_id":"0905556","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093022366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093022366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105923215","https://openalex.org/W1535105750","https://openalex.org/W1650249274","https://openalex.org/W1973384884","https://openalex.org/W1986090422","https://openalex.org/W1991614769","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2080693943","https://openalex.org/W2086114280","https://openalex.org/W2099666434","https://openalex.org/W2106221558","https://openalex.org/W2108077180","https://openalex.org/W2116892602","https://openalex.org/W2128153585","https://openalex.org/W2131440997","https://openalex.org/W2142102521","https://openalex.org/W2144007657","https://openalex.org/W2145577744","https://openalex.org/W2157893638","https://openalex.org/W2159687282","https://openalex.org/W2164271287","https://openalex.org/W2164280180","https://openalex.org/W2165208459","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2528867197","https://openalex.org/W2542429611","https://openalex.org/W2597965049","https://openalex.org/W2618554139","https://openalex.org/W2947000318","https://openalex.org/W2950690100","https://openalex.org/W3140484331","https://openalex.org/W3143835353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765236478","https://openalex.org/W2972424885","https://openalex.org/W2104478100","https://openalex.org/W4360996312","https://openalex.org/W2107866095","https://openalex.org/W2529506699","https://openalex.org/W1680452241","https://openalex.org/W2097805107","https://openalex.org/W2051457655","https://openalex.org/W2561179371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"layer":[1],"security":[2,6],"is":[3,80,113,127,188],"an":[4],"emerging":[5],"area":[7],"that":[8,21,38,52,83],"achieves":[9],"perfect":[10],"secrecy":[11,30,96],"data":[12,56],"transmission":[13],"between":[14,49],"intended":[15],"network":[16],"nodes,":[17],"while":[18],"malicious":[19],"nodes":[20],"eavesdrop":[22],"the":[23,43,47,50,54,62,66,84,87,91,95,102,109,117,122,125,133,138,151,172,178,182,197],"communication":[24],"obtain":[25,69],"zero":[26],"information.":[27],"The":[28,78,98,184],"so-called":[29],"capacity":[31],"can":[32],"be":[33],"improved":[34],"using":[35],"friendly":[36,58,99,175],"jammers":[37,59,88,100,126],"introduce":[39,73],"extra":[40],"interference":[41],"to":[42,89,190,194],"eavesdroppers.":[44],"We":[45],"investigate":[46,155],"interaction":[48],"source":[51,63,85,103,134],"transmits":[53],"useful":[55],"and":[57,111,129,161,168,177],"who":[60],"assist":[61],"by":[64],"\"masking\"":[65],"eavesdropper.":[67],"To":[68,149],"distributed":[70,164,185],"solution,":[71],"we":[72,154],"a":[74,105,114,156,163],"game":[75,79,152,160,186],"theoretic":[76],"approach.":[77],"defined":[81],"such":[82],"pays":[86],"interfere":[90],"eavesdropper,":[92],"therefore,":[93],"increasing":[94],"capacity.":[97],"charge":[101],"with":[104],"certain":[106],"price":[107],"for":[108,116,180],"jamming,":[110],"there":[112],"tradeoff":[115,179],"price.":[118,183],"If":[119],"too":[120,131],"low,":[121],"profit":[123],"of":[124,159,174,196],"low;":[128],"if":[130],"high,":[132],"would":[135,143],"not":[136],"buy":[137,144],"\"service\"":[139],"(jamming":[140],"power)":[141],"or":[142],"it":[145],"from":[146],"other":[147],"jammers.":[148],"analyze":[150],"outcome,":[153],"Stackelburg":[157],"type":[158],"construct":[162],"algorithm.":[165],"Our":[166],"analysis":[167],"simulation":[169],"results":[170],"show":[171],"effectiveness":[173],"jamming":[176],"setting":[181],"solution":[187],"shown":[189],"have":[191],"similar":[192],"performances":[193],"those":[195],"centralized":[198],"one.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}