{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981807083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/256821","title":"Detecting Pulsing Denial-of-Service Attacks with Nondeterministic Attack Intervals","display_name":"Detecting Pulsing Denial-of-Service Attacks with Nondeterministic Attack Intervals","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981807083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/256821","mag":"1981807083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2009/256821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/256821","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2009/256821","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2009/256821","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400376","display_name":"Xiapu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiapu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong","Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102231114","display_name":"Edmond W. W. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-8928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmond W. W. Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong","Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006486786","display_name":"Rocky K. C. Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-5814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rocky K. C. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong","Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100400376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":3.9836,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9374395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2009","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7386955618858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6947678327560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cusum","display_name":"CUSUM","score":0.6203449368476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5699414610862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.4797300398349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanguard","display_name":"Vanguard","score":0.47818616032600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondeterministic-algorithm","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","score":0.45142239332199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42577823996543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33174124360084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1907898187637329}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7386955618858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6947678327560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178518018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1024555","display_name":"CUSUM","level":2,"score":0.6203449368476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5699414610862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4797300398349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255546","display_name":"Vanguard","level":2,"score":0.47818616032600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176181172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3490301","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.45142239332199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42577823996543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33174124360084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1907898187637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2009/256821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/256821","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2009/256821","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:78453f61c3934a92800e82d0657f5969","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/78453f61c3934a92800e82d0657f5969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Vol 2009 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/6568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/6568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2009/256821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/256821","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1155/2009/256821","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321019","display_name":"University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981807083.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981807083.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W252227103","https://openalex.org/W579998934","https://openalex.org/W1508882636","https://openalex.org/W1544107150","https://openalex.org/W1572793278","https://openalex.org/W1574779442","https://openalex.org/W1627919342","https://openalex.org/W1969294188","https://openalex.org/W2036282393","https://openalex.org/W2050091727","https://openalex.org/W2113571299","https://openalex.org/W2122877549","https://openalex.org/W2125513999","https://openalex.org/W2129994716","https://openalex.org/W2130583399","https://openalex.org/W2130660124","https://openalex.org/W2137398341","https://openalex.org/W2139021460","https://openalex.org/W2148014295","https://openalex.org/W2158733823","https://openalex.org/W2159160833","https://openalex.org/W2165976789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2340341502","https://openalex.org/W2371496455","https://openalex.org/W2391641349","https://openalex.org/W2056974159","https://openalex.org/W2381469191","https://openalex.org/W2348097132","https://openalex.org/W2753583628","https://openalex.org/W2348738420","https://openalex.org/W2362939924","https://openalex.org/W2352462767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,64,103,133],"important":[4],"problem":[5],"of":[6,10,18,34,42,89],"detecting":[7],"pulsing":[8],"denial":[9],"service":[11],"(PDoS)":[12],"attacks":[13,67],"which":[14,28],"send":[15],"a":[16,31,38,69,81,110,121,144],"sequence":[17],"attack":[19,47,51,74],"pulses":[20],"to":[21],"reduce":[22],"TCP":[23],"throughput.":[24],"Unlike":[25],"previous":[26,134],"works":[27],"focused":[29],"on":[30,97,120,139],"restricted":[32],"form":[33],"attacks,":[35,104],"we":[36],"consider":[37],"very":[39],"broad":[40],"class":[41,88],"attacks.":[43,91],"In":[44],"particular,":[45],"our":[46],"model":[48],"admits":[49],"any":[50],"interval":[52],"between":[53],"two":[54],"adjacent":[55],"pulses,":[56],"whether":[57],"deterministic":[58],"or":[59],"not.":[60],"It":[61],"also":[62],"includes":[63],"traditional":[65],"flooding-based":[66],"as":[68],"limiting":[70],"case":[71],"(i.e.,":[72],"zero":[73],"interval).":[75],"Our":[76],"main":[77],"contribution":[78],"is":[79,95,129],"Vanguard,":[80],"new":[82],"anomaly-based":[83],"detection":[84,94,154],"scheme":[85],"for":[86],"this":[87],"PDoS":[90],"The":[92,123],"Vanguard":[93,116,128],"based":[96,138],"three":[98],"traffic":[99,141],"anomalies":[100,142],"induced":[101],"by":[102],"and":[105,117,151,153],"it":[106,119],"detects":[107],"them":[108],"using":[109,146],"CUSUM":[111],"algorithm.":[112],"We":[113],"have":[114],"prototyped":[115],"evaluated":[118],"testbed.":[122],"experiment":[124],"results":[125],"show":[126],"that":[127,136],"more":[130],"effective":[131],"than":[132],"methods":[135],"are":[137],"other":[140],"(after":[143],"transformation":[145],"wavelet":[147],"transform,":[148,150],"Fourier":[149],"autocorrelation)":[152],"algorithms":[155],"(e.g.,":[156],"dynamic":[157],"time":[158],"warping).":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
