{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143866646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/1998/65604","title":"Quantum Contributions and Violations of the Classical Law of Mass Action","display_name":"Quantum Contributions and Violations of the Classical Law of Mass Action","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143866646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/1998/65604","mag":"2143866646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/1998/65604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/1998/65604","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1998/065604.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81291924","display_name":"VLSI design","issn_l":"1026-7123","issn":["1026-7123","1065-514X","1563-5171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"VLSI Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1998/065604.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111772967","display_name":"H. L. Grubin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101205","display_name":"NOVA Scientific (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/015snna87","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. L. Grubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Research Associates, Inc., Glastonbury, Connecticut, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Research Associates, Inc., Glastonbury, Connecticut, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101205"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062370303","display_name":"T. R. Govindan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096458","display_name":"Applied Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00qw43163","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096458"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482701","display_name":"Applied Research Laboratory at the University of Hawai\u2018i","ror":"https://ror.org/046s2rf49","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. R. Govindan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Research Laboratory, State College, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Research Laboratory, State College, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096458","https://openalex.org/I4388482701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111772967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101205"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18544547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1-4","first_page":"61","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44584760069847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27981793880462646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44584760069847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27981793880462646}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/1998/65604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/1998/65604","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1998/065604.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81291924","display_name":"VLSI design","issn_l":"1026-7123","issn":["1026-7123","1065-514X","1563-5171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"VLSI Design","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/1998/65604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/1998/65604","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/1998/065604.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81291924","display_name":"VLSI design","issn_l":"1026-7123","issn":["1026-7123","1065-514X","1563-5171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"VLSI Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2143866646.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2143866646.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34710240","https://openalex.org/W2035568159","https://openalex.org/W4230022498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2052122378","https://openalex.org/W2062023542","https://openalex.org/W4313731559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"law":[1,28,64],"of":[2,9,11,22,29,65],"mass":[3,30,66],"action":[4,31,67],"refers":[5],"to":[6,54],"the":[7,27,35,55,63],"product":[8,36],"concentration":[10],"reactants,":[12],"which":[13],"for":[14],"a":[15,19],"particular":[16],"material":[17],"is":[18,32,60,68],"function":[20],"only":[21],"temperature.":[23],"For":[24],"non\u2010degenerate":[25],"semiconductors":[26],"represented":[33],"by":[34],"N":[37,40,42],"P":[38],"=":[39],"C":[41],"V":[43],"exp\u2010":[44],"E":[45],"G":[46],"/":[47],"K":[48],"B":[49],"T":[50],".":[51],"Through":[52],"solutions":[53],"quantum":[56],"Liouville":[57],"equation,":[58],"it":[59],"determined":[61],"that":[62],"generally":[69],"invalid.":[70]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}