{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984129131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.405.0511","title":"Thin-film media\u2014Current and future technology","display_name":"Thin-film media\u2014Current and future technology","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984129131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.405.0511","mag":"1984129131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1147/rd.405.0511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.405.0511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219925","display_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","issn_l":"0018-8646","issn":["0018-8646","2151-8556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320652","host_organization_name":"IBM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IBM"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112964812","display_name":"K.E. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7333-9068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. E. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Storage Systems Division laboratory in San Jose, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Storage Systems Division laboratory in San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066156135","display_name":"C. Mathew Mate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-448X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. M. Mate","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, USA","IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120,\u00a0USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120,\u00a0USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051500186","display_name":"J. A. Merz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. A. Merz","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Storage Systems Division, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California 95193, USA","[IBM Storage Systems Division, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California 95193, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Storage Systems Division, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California 95193, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Storage Systems Division, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California 95193, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032745475","display_name":"R. L. White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9194-2807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. L. White","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Storage Systems Division, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California 95193, USA","[IBM Storage Systems Division, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California 95193, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Storage Systems Division, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California 95193, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Storage Systems Division, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, California 95193, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088121330","display_name":"Anqi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-7618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. W. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Storage Systems Division laboratory, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Storage Systems Division laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112964812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9965,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97194816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"5","first_page":"511","last_page":"536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11799","display_name":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11799","display_name":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12141","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Thin Films","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film","display_name":"Thin film","score":0.7328174114227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.5718081593513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5457834005355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics","display_name":"Engineering physics","score":0.4796907603740692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistance","display_name":"Magnetoresistance","score":0.4672650694847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lubrication","display_name":"Lubrication","score":0.46404144167900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recording-media","display_name":"Recording media","score":0.4327229857444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36341431736946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.324850469827652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.3011261820793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2683388590812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.1942392885684967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14220663905143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.12906396389007568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.08861413598060608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.7328174114227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5718081593513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5457834005355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.4796907603740692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117958382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58347","display_name":"Magnetoresistance","level":3,"score":0.4672650694847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184608416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455803","display_name":"Lubrication","level":2,"score":0.46404144167900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987206237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193395","display_name":"Recording media","level":2,"score":0.4327229857444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36341431736946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.324850469827652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3011261820793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2683388590812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.1942392885684967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14220663905143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.12906396389007568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.08861413598060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1147/rd.405.0511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.405.0511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219925","display_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","issn_l":"0018-8646","issn":["0018-8646","2151-8556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320652","host_organization_name":"IBM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IBM"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":143,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155776104","https://openalex.org/W1485702955","https://openalex.org/W1966278387","https://openalex.org/W1970093311","https://openalex.org/W1971728669","https://openalex.org/W1971861191","https://openalex.org/W1972749229","https://openalex.org/W1972782897","https://openalex.org/W1972995903","https://openalex.org/W1975966750","https://openalex.org/W1975982013","https://openalex.org/W1976972281","https://openalex.org/W1977707660","https://openalex.org/W1982747026","https://openalex.org/W1989139112","https://openalex.org/W1990515806","https://openalex.org/W1992902526","https://openalex.org/W1997296663","https://openalex.org/W2001290476","https://openalex.org/W2004026965","https://openalex.org/W2004104947","https://openalex.org/W2006380784","https://openalex.org/W2006915118","https://openalex.org/W2009707398","https://openalex.org/W2011227907","https://openalex.org/W2011997782","https://openalex.org/W2015413677","https://openalex.org/W2016124752","https://openalex.org/W2016637757","https://openalex.org/W2016819279","https://openalex.org/W2018929990","https://openalex.org/W2020806473","https://openalex.org/W2021096138","https://openalex.org/W2021227067","https://openalex.org/W2023521154","https://openalex.org/W2025362663","https://openalex.org/W2026278549","https://openalex.org/W2026787310","https://openalex.org/W2027465009","https://openalex.org/W2029144798","https://openalex.org/W2030499407","https://openalex.org/W2030669486","https://openalex.org/W2031463198","https://openalex.org/W2031746601","https://openalex.org/W2035086705","https://openalex.org/W2035222898","https://openalex.org/W2035761116","https://openalex.org/W2036827375","https://openalex.org/W2037775721","https://openalex.org/W2038208989","https://openalex.org/W2038902435","https://openalex.org/W2039549552","https://openalex.org/W2040345070","https://openalex.org/W2042221395","https://openalex.org/W2042515378","https://openalex.org/W2042705332","https://openalex.org/W2044368596","https://openalex.org/W2045347364","https://openalex.org/W2046461656","https://openalex.org/W2047405887","https://openalex.org/W2049799568","https://openalex.org/W2050115272","https://openalex.org/W2051330391","https://openalex.org/W2053418623","https://openalex.org/W2055606813","https://openalex.org/W2055759100","https://openalex.org/W2057323314","https://openalex.org/W2058821089","https://openalex.org/W2060049047","https://openalex.org/W2062815454","https://openalex.org/W2066150031","https://openalex.org/W2067244556","https://openalex.org/W2068968991","https://openalex.org/W2071831174","https://openalex.org/W2072197186","https://openalex.org/W2074349770","https://openalex.org/W2074540002","https://openalex.org/W2075816282","https://openalex.org/W2076244582","https://openalex.org/W2077251884","https://openalex.org/W2077289002","https://openalex.org/W2078068833","https://openalex.org/W2078842063","https://openalex.org/W2080536864","https://openalex.org/W2082014210","https://openalex.org/W2082602344","https://openalex.org/W2082752015","https://openalex.org/W2083354681","https://openalex.org/W2084186120","https://openalex.org/W2087329515","https://openalex.org/W2087701962","https://openalex.org/W2088155371","https://openalex.org/W2088653868","https://openalex.org/W2089138486","https://openalex.org/W2094426433","https://openalex.org/W2095043302","https://openalex.org/W2095183611","https://openalex.org/W2105765826","https://openalex.org/W2108457564","https://openalex.org/W2109371009","https://openalex.org/W2110869576","https://openalex.org/W2112197624","https://openalex.org/W2113136463","https://openalex.org/W2114982288","https://openalex.org/W2116678429","https://openalex.org/W2117374038","https://openalex.org/W2119059804","https://openalex.org/W2119176654","https://openalex.org/W2119590352","https://openalex.org/W2119935217","https://openalex.org/W2120362577","https://openalex.org/W2124251870","https://openalex.org/W2125688680","https://openalex.org/W2126904176","https://openalex.org/W2128779092","https://openalex.org/W2132130846","https://openalex.org/W2134985524","https://openalex.org/W2137018206","https://openalex.org/W2139588293","https://openalex.org/W2139727946","https://openalex.org/W2141341697","https://openalex.org/W2141870018","https://openalex.org/W2142864152","https://openalex.org/W2146492441","https://openalex.org/W2149072998","https://openalex.org/W2153032379","https://openalex.org/W2158219461","https://openalex.org/W2160581774","https://openalex.org/W2164052084","https://openalex.org/W2164276030","https://openalex.org/W2166031956","https://openalex.org/W2168047574","https://openalex.org/W2168662465","https://openalex.org/W2171149961","https://openalex.org/W2204463234","https://openalex.org/W2271906134","https://openalex.org/W2279921551","https://openalex.org/W2286976416","https://openalex.org/W2333101664","https://openalex.org/W2395735045","https://openalex.org/W2404834824","https://openalex.org/W2410775472","https://openalex.org/W2411166574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2094464237","https://openalex.org/W2028773235","https://openalex.org/W4293201563","https://openalex.org/W2883586217","https://openalex.org/W4254471017","https://openalex.org/W2150801153","https://openalex.org/W2067393306","https://openalex.org/W1969330179","https://openalex.org/W2074540002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,5,30,44,47,72],"last":[2],"ten":[3],"years,":[4],"fundamental":[6],"technology":[7],"of":[8,20,32,46,71],"recording":[9],"media":[10,70],"has":[11,25],"evolved":[12],"from":[13],"particulate":[14],"to":[15],"thin":[16],"film.":[17],"The":[18],"introduction":[19],"magnetoresistive":[21],"heads":[22],"in":[23,36,60],"1990":[24],"had":[26],"further":[27],"impact":[28],"on":[29,65],"design":[31],"thin-film":[33,56],"media.":[34],"Changes":[35],"substrates,":[37],"magnetic":[38],"films,":[39],"overcoats,":[40],"and":[41,51],"lubrication":[42],"form":[43],"basis":[45],"evolution.":[48],"Design":[49],"concepts":[50],"manufacturing":[52],"considerations":[53],"for":[54,69],"high-areal-density":[55],"disks":[57],"are":[58],"described":[59],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"with":[63],"reflections":[64],"future":[66],"enhancements":[67],"required":[68],"next":[73],"generation.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}