{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963376758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2017.2716578","title":"IBM Deep Learning Service","display_name":"IBM Deep Learning Service","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963376758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2017.2716578","mag":"2963376758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1147/jrd.2017.2716578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2017.2716578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219925","display_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","issn_l":"0018-8646","issn":["0018-8646","2151-8556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320652","host_organization_name":"IBM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IBM"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069125151","display_name":"Bishwaranjan Bhattacharjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7097-4891"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Bhattacharjee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001738391","display_name":"Scott Boag","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Boag","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090444531","display_name":"Chirag Doshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0878-3559"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Doshi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110042006","display_name":"Parijat Dube","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Dube","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005811477","display_name":"Benjamin Herta","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Herta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086706670","display_name":"Vatche Ishakian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Ishakian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086724836","display_name":"K. R. Jayaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-276X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. R. Jayaram","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052137019","display_name":"Rania Khalaf","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Khalaf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112760908","display_name":"Abhinav Krishna","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103860824","display_name":"Yuchi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. B. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055833498","display_name":"Vinod Muthusamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-2563"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Muthusamy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045722906","display_name":"Ruchir Puri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8803-7079"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Puri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413316","display_name":"Yiran Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112862278","display_name":"Florian Rosenberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Rosenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033227162","display_name":"Seetharami Seelam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-3477"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. R. Seelam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101864541","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2570-5231"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079848787","display_name":"J. M. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425416","display_name":"Li Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-984X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":18,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069125151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94618904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"4/5","first_page":"10:1","last_page":"10:11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7630870938301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7536141872406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7432104349136353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6103532314300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.608773946762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4935673475265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.48267558217048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.479418009519577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.46587511897087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.4535067081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-as-a-service","display_name":"Software as a service","score":0.4416781961917877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.28251758217811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.20508062839508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17589914798736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.14056307077407837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7630870938301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7536141872406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7432104349136353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6103532314300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.608773946762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4935673475265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.48267558217048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.479418009519577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46587511897087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.4535067081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175133352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254596","display_name":"Software as a service","level":4,"score":0.4416781961917877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.28251758217811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.20508062839508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17589914798736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.14056307077407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1147/jrd.2017.2716578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2017.2716578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219925","display_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","issn_l":"0018-8646","issn":["0018-8646","2151-8556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320652","host_organization_name":"IBM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IBM"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192446467","https://openalex.org/W753012316","https://openalex.org/W1984541135","https://openalex.org/W2060393849","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2134670479","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2158899491","https://openalex.org/W2163961697","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2290712622","https://openalex.org/W2322013807","https://openalex.org/W2579247884","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W2962844195","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W6607881844","https://openalex.org/W6665801690","https://openalex.org/W6679792166","https://openalex.org/W6683738474","https://openalex.org/W6684084819","https://openalex.org/W6687494587","https://openalex.org/W6694517276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W79913212","https://openalex.org/W2094884983","https://openalex.org/W2378898096","https://openalex.org/W560952460","https://openalex.org/W2127148983","https://openalex.org/W2144939995","https://openalex.org/W2060470544","https://openalex.org/W100627873","https://openalex.org/W4241787744","https://openalex.org/W2131644003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning,":[1],"driven":[2],"by":[3],"large":[4,133],"neural":[5],"network":[6],"models,":[7],"is":[8,38],"overtaking":[9],"traditional":[10],"machine":[11],"learning":[12,49,67,88,102,130],"methods":[13],"for":[14,35,62],"understanding":[15],"unstructured":[16],"and":[17,25,50,107,114,125,162],"perceptual":[18],"data":[19,136],"domains":[20],"such":[21,157],"as":[22,68,89,104,158],"speech,":[23],"text,":[24],"vision.":[26],"At":[27],"the":[28,31,36,41,72,79,82,96,109],"same":[29],"time,":[30],"\u201cAs-a-Service\u201d-based":[32],"business":[33,60],"model":[34,61],"cloud":[37,110],"fundamentally":[39],"transforming":[40],"information":[42],"technology":[43],"industry.":[44],"These":[45],"two":[46],"trends,":[47],"deep":[48,66,87,101],"\u201cAs-a-Service,\u201d":[51],"are":[52],"colliding":[53],"to":[54,57,98],"give":[55],"rise":[56],"a":[58,69,90,112,123,132,138],"new":[59],"cognitive":[63],"application":[64],"delivery:":[65],"service":[70,91],"in":[71,111,137,166],"cloud.":[73,169],"In":[74],"this":[75],"paper,":[76],"we":[77],"discuss":[78],"details":[80],"of":[81,135,141],"software":[83],"architecture":[84],"behind":[85],"IBM's":[86],"(DLaaS).":[92],"DLaaS":[93],"provides":[94],"developers":[95],"flexibility":[97],"use":[99],"popular":[100],"libraries\u2014such":[103],"Caffe,":[105],"Torch,":[106],"TensorFlow\u2014in":[108],"scalable":[113],"resilient":[115],"manner":[116],"with":[117],"minimal":[118],"effort.":[119],"The":[120],"platform":[121],"uses":[122],"distribution":[124],"orchestration":[126],"layer":[127,149],"that":[128],"facilitates":[129],"from":[131],"amount":[134,140],"reasonable":[139],"time":[142],"across":[143],"compute":[144],"nodes.":[145],"A":[146],"resource":[147],"provisioning":[148],"enables":[150],"flexible":[151],"job":[152],"management":[153],"on":[154],"heterogeneous":[155],"resources,":[156],"graphics":[159],"processing":[160,164],"units":[161],"central":[163],"units,":[165],"an":[167],"infrastructure-as-a-service":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
