{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094527347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2014.2337552","title":"Understanding customer behavior using indoor location analysis and visualization","display_name":"Understanding customer behavior using indoor location analysis and visualization","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094527347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2014.2337552","mag":"2094527347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1147/jrd.2014.2337552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2014.2337552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219925","display_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","issn_l":"0018-8646","issn":["0018-8646","2151-8556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320652","host_organization_name":"IBM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IBM"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061821122","display_name":"Avi Yaeli","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Yaeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013243312","display_name":"Peter Michael Bak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-3012"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Bak","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021095324","display_name":"Guy Feigenblat","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Feigenblat","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017753190","display_name":"Steven Nadler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-8345"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Nadler","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071848619","display_name":"Haggai Roitman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-2287"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Roitman","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012620986","display_name":"G. Saadoun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Saadoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091682332","display_name":"Harold Ship","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. J. Ship","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061149207","display_name":"Dan Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-4806"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022966140","display_name":"Oliver Fuchs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-5226"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Fuchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045738664","display_name":"S. Ofek-Koifman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ofek-Koifman","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097965087","display_name":"T. Sandbank","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Sandbank","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Haifa Research Lab, Haifa University Campus, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92761727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"5/6","first_page":"3:1","last_page":"3:12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6716958284378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.575915515422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5680849552154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.49262434244155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brick-and-mortar","display_name":"Brick and mortar","score":0.4692996144294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4542636275291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.41306161880493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-behaviour","display_name":"Consumer behaviour","score":0.4100596010684967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3671393394470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.29312223196029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.19714751839637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.13077473640441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.11668086051940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.10259866714477539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6716958284378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.575915515422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5680849552154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.49262434244155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780319250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726870","display_name":"Brick and mortar","level":3,"score":0.4692996144294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4542636275291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.41306161880493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301468","display_name":"Consumer behaviour","level":2,"score":0.4100596010684967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3671393394470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.29312223196029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.19714751839637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.13077473640441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.11668086051940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.10259866714477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1147/jrd.2014.2337552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2014.2337552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219925","display_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","issn_l":"0018-8646","issn":["0018-8646","2151-8556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320652","host_organization_name":"IBM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IBM"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523213537","https://openalex.org/W1592924409","https://openalex.org/W2006489555","https://openalex.org/W2024604294","https://openalex.org/W2041620784","https://openalex.org/W2092862305","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2154323942","https://openalex.org/W2214650344","https://openalex.org/W3126132157","https://openalex.org/W4210813334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126131865","https://openalex.org/W2044344400","https://openalex.org/W4253186488","https://openalex.org/W1996938127","https://openalex.org/W2083611981","https://openalex.org/W2043380045","https://openalex.org/W4231814374","https://openalex.org/W2099557065","https://openalex.org/W2484410460","https://openalex.org/W2250278543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"customer":[1,75,115],"behavior":[2,76,116],"in":[3,61,87,160],"brick-and-mortar":[4],"stores":[5],"and":[6,22,29,44,64,69,78,102,144,150],"other":[7],"physical":[8],"indoor":[9,120,147],"venues":[10],"is":[11],"essential":[12],"for":[13,80,112,132,157],"any":[14],"business":[15],"aiming":[16],"to":[17,38],"provide":[18,51],"a":[19,109,161],"more":[20],"personal":[21],"compelling":[23],"shopping":[24],"experience,":[25,41],"optimize":[26],"store":[27,31],"layout,":[28],"improve":[30],"operations.":[32],"Achieving":[33],"these":[34],"goals":[35],"ultimately":[36],"leads":[37],"improved":[39],"user":[40],"conversion":[42],"rates,":[43],"increased":[45],"revenue.":[46],"Today's":[47],"mobile-based":[48],"location":[49,56,121],"technologies":[50,127],"information":[52],"about":[53],"the":[54,91,126,152,155],"user's":[55],"that":[57],"can":[58,71],"be":[59],"used":[60],"advanced":[62],"analytics":[63],"visualizations.":[65],"This":[66],"means":[67],"retailers":[68],"enterprises":[70],"gain":[72],"insight":[73],"into":[74],"patterns":[77],"understand,":[79],"example,":[81],"how":[82,97],"much":[83],"time":[84],"customers":[85],"spend":[86],"different":[88],"areas":[89],"of":[90,146,154],"store,":[92],"what":[93],"routes":[94],"they":[95,99],"take,":[96],"well":[98,124],"are":[100],"serviced,":[101],"more.":[103],"In":[104],"this":[105,134],"paper,":[106],"we":[107],"present":[108],"solution":[110],"approach":[111,156],"better":[113],"understanding":[114],"based":[117],"on":[118],"mobile":[119],"data":[122,149],"as":[123,125],"developed":[128],"by":[129],"IBM":[130],"Research":[131],"realizing":[133],"solution.":[135],"We":[136],"describe":[137],"significant":[138],"challenges":[139],"considering":[140],"collection,":[141],"curation,":[142],"analysis,":[143],"visualization":[145],"location-based":[148],"illustrate":[151],"use":[153,163],"smarter":[158],"commerce":[159],"real-world":[162],"case.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
