{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102560248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2009.5429063","title":"Kittyhawk: Enabling cooperation and competition in a global, shared computational system","display_name":"Kittyhawk: Enabling cooperation and competition in a global, shared computational system","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102560248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2009.5429063","mag":"2102560248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1147/jrd.2009.5429063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2009.5429063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219925","display_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","issn_l":"0018-8646","issn":["0018-8646","2151-8556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320652","host_organization_name":"IBM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IBM"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013553389","display_name":"Jonathan Appavoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5594-4263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Appavoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069642479","display_name":"Volkmar Uhlig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Uhlig","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026073264","display_name":"Amos Waterland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Waterland","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001723274","display_name":"Bryan S. Rosenburg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Rosenburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068817025","display_name":"D. Da Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055326969","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 E. Moreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7029-6327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. E. Moreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013553389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3714,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82575426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"4","first_page":"9:1","last_page":"9:15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.8138881921768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.7425241470336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7030254602432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5368592739105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.5338709354400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5044883489608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4940703213214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.49393945932388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46978914737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-service","display_name":"Web service","score":0.45416340231895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.44858479499816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4325319528579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.43145084381103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.34204575419425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.28770822286605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22534453868865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2079276740550995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1990852952003479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.8138881921768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.7425241470336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7030254602432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5368592739105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5338709354400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5044883489608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4940703213214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.49393945932388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46978914737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.45416340231895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.44858479499816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4325319528579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.43145084381103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.34204575419425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.28770822286605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22534453868865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2079276740550995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1990852952003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1147/jrd.2009.5429063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2009.5429063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219925","display_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","issn_l":"0018-8646","issn":["0018-8646","2151-8556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320652","host_organization_name":"IBM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IBM"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162655227","https://openalex.org/W582277759","https://openalex.org/W1987036962","https://openalex.org/W2019709383","https://openalex.org/W2046851664","https://openalex.org/W2069437040","https://openalex.org/W2091257550","https://openalex.org/W2091327926","https://openalex.org/W2120939696","https://openalex.org/W2153074860","https://openalex.org/W2158365276","https://openalex.org/W2162219545","https://openalex.org/W2460873811","https://openalex.org/W3103395557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126131865","https://openalex.org/W2044344400","https://openalex.org/W4253186488","https://openalex.org/W1996938127","https://openalex.org/W2083611981","https://openalex.org/W2043380045","https://openalex.org/W4231814374","https://openalex.org/W2099557065","https://openalex.org/W2484410460","https://openalex.org/W2250278543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kittyhawk":[0,71],"represents":[1],"our":[2,104],"vision":[3,44],"for":[4],"a":[5,12,34,59,75],"Web-scale":[6],"computational":[7],"resource":[8],"that":[9,49,62,80],"can":[10,99],"accommodate":[11],"significant":[13],"fraction":[14],"of":[15,31,58,77,86,97],"the":[16,29,43,46,64,70,82],"world's":[17],"computation":[18],"needs":[19],"and":[20,26,45,84,107],"enable":[21,81],"various":[22],"parties":[23],"to":[24],"compete":[25],"cooperate":[27],"in":[28],"provisioning":[30],"services":[32,79,98,106],"on":[33],"consolidated":[35],"platform.":[36,68],"In":[37,69],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,73,92],"explain":[41],"both":[42],"system":[47],"architecture":[48],"supports":[50],"it.":[51],"We":[52],"demonstrate":[53],"these":[54],"ideas":[55],"by":[56,102],"way":[57],"prototype":[60],"implementation":[61],"uses":[63],"IBM":[65],"Blue":[66],"Gene\u00ae/P":[67],"prototype,":[72],"define":[74],"set":[76],"basic":[78,105],"allocation":[83],"interconnection":[85],"computing":[87],"resources.":[88],"By":[89],"using":[90,103],"examples,":[91],"show":[93],"how":[94],"higher":[95],"layers":[96],"be":[100],"built":[101],"standard":[108],"open-source":[109],"software.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
