{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211875090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","title":"Secure Networked Control Systems","display_name":"Secure Networked Control Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211875090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","mag":"3211875090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191328","display_name":"Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"2573-5144","issn":["2573-5144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056120878","display_name":"Henrik Sandberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-2963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Sandberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Digital Futures, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Digital Futures, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024301984","display_name":"Vijay Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-3956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045975901","display_name":"Karl Henrik Johansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-5929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl H. Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Digital Futures, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Digital Futures, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056120878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5169,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97288024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"445","last_page":"464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6827206611633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6795166730880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5908635854721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.578197717666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.48054224252700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.48015159368515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4611748456954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.458657443523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.441488653421402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4339578151702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/command-and-control","display_name":"Command and control","score":0.42907238006591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.42842257022857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.19635233283042908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15867546200752258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.10400992631912231}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6827206611633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6795166730880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5908635854721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.578197717666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.48054224252700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.48015159368515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4611748456954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.458657443523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.441488653421402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4339578151702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506615639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21662260","display_name":"Command and control","level":2,"score":0.42907238006591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.42842257022857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.19635233283042908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15867546200752258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.10400992631912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191328","display_name":"Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"2573-5144","issn":["2573-5144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:kth-313342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-313342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-072921-075953","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191328","display_name":"Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"2573-5144","issn":["2573-5144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8683756101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"support","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","funder_display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211875090.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211875090.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55814457","https://openalex.org/W108857541","https://openalex.org/W1499908471","https://openalex.org/W1530215515","https://openalex.org/W1571323288","https://openalex.org/W1597576211","https://openalex.org/W1972523481","https://openalex.org/W1990483314","https://openalex.org/W2002518043","https://openalex.org/W2003530067","https://openalex.org/W2005028112","https://openalex.org/W2036033662","https://openalex.org/W2057635989","https://openalex.org/W2062132646","https://openalex.org/W2068740779","https://openalex.org/W2097025901","https://openalex.org/W2105773843","https://openalex.org/W2112072995","https://openalex.org/W2113508851","https://openalex.org/W2115656617","https://openalex.org/W2143842190","https://openalex.org/W2151584216","https://openalex.org/W2153775930","https://openalex.org/W2157157130","https://openalex.org/W2170334586","https://openalex.org/W2222862011","https://openalex.org/W2296271400","https://openalex.org/W2324627801","https://openalex.org/W2340384825","https://openalex.org/W2400117891","https://openalex.org/W2405143843","https://openalex.org/W2510308676","https://openalex.org/W2555431798","https://openalex.org/W2568493282","https://openalex.org/W2613841561","https://openalex.org/W2625507818","https://openalex.org/W2627024038","https://openalex.org/W2766498015","https://openalex.org/W2803881474","https://openalex.org/W2896998672","https://openalex.org/W2902384620","https://openalex.org/W2912483330","https://openalex.org/W2916555858","https://openalex.org/W2919746738","https://openalex.org/W2962837023","https://openalex.org/W2963445270","https://openalex.org/W2978201301","https://openalex.org/W2981967040","https://openalex.org/W3011329609","https://openalex.org/W3015283911","https://openalex.org/W3099307078","https://openalex.org/W4235230888","https://openalex.org/W4240226086","https://openalex.org/W4248979535","https://openalex.org/W4300349690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W3176240006","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4288019534","https://openalex.org/W4310988119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-vulnerabilities":[0],"are":[1,23,128,160,179],"being":[2],"exploited":[3],"in":[4,61,130,181],"a":[5,101],"growing":[6],"number":[7],"of":[8,13,19,31,79,109,137,143,157],"control":[9,63,85,115],"systems.":[10,86],"As":[11],"many":[12,108],"these":[14,158],"systems":[15,64],"form":[16],"the":[17,32,53,62,92,110,138,182],"backbone":[18],"critical":[20],"infrastructure":[21],"and":[22,27,42,48,70,98,149,154],"becoming":[24],"more":[25],"automated":[26],"interconnected,":[28],"it":[29],"is":[30,104,121,170],"utmost":[33],"importance":[34],"to":[35,44,66],"develop":[36,49],"methods":[37],"that":[38,106,123],"allow":[39],"system":[40,102,116],"designers":[41],"operators":[43],"do":[45],"risk":[46],"analysis":[47],"mitigation":[50,166],"strategies.":[51,167],"Over":[52],"last":[54],"decade,":[55],"great":[56],"advances":[57],"have":[58],"been":[59],"made":[60],"community":[65],"better":[67],"understand":[68],"cyber-threats":[69],"their":[71],"potential":[72],"impact.":[73],"This":[74],"article":[75,139],"provides":[76],"an":[77],"overview":[78],"recent":[80,89],"literature":[81],"on":[82,91,114,171],"secure":[83],"networked":[84],"Motivated":[87],"by":[88],"cyberattacks":[90],"power":[93],"grid,":[94],"connected":[95],"road":[96],"vehicles,":[97],"process":[99],"industries,":[100],"model":[103],"introduced":[105,122],"covers":[107],"existing":[111],"research":[112,190],"studies":[113],"vulnerabilities.":[117],"An":[118],"attack":[119],"space":[120],"illustrates":[124],"how":[125],"adversarial":[126],"resources":[127],"allocated":[129],"some":[131,164,188],"common":[132],"attacks.":[133,151],"The":[134,168],"main":[135],"part":[136],"describes":[140],"three":[141],"types":[142],"attacks:":[144],"false":[145],"data":[146],"injection,":[147],"replay,":[148],"denial-of-service":[150],"Representative":[152],"models":[153],"mathematical":[155],"formulations":[156],"attacks":[159],"given":[161],"along":[162],"with":[163],"proposed":[165],"focus":[169],"linear":[172],"discrete-time":[173],"plant":[174],"models,":[175],"but":[176],"various":[177],"extensions":[178],"presented":[180],"final":[183],"section,":[184],"which":[185],"also":[186],"mentions":[187],"interesting":[189],"problems":[191],"for":[192],"future":[193],"work.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}