{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225328339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","title":"Medical Robotics: Opportunities in China","display_name":"Medical Robotics: Opportunities in China","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225328339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191328","display_name":"Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"2573-5144","issn":["2573-5144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021450973","display_name":"Yao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-5286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;, ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357376","display_name":"Weidong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-0679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;, ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049728628","display_name":"Jie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5608-8377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Robotics, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Robotics, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085036036","display_name":"Guang\u2010Zhong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4060-4020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang-Zhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;, ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021450973"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.207,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87211552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"361","last_page":"383"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11984","display_name":"Anatomy and Medical Technology","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.8634428977966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7257834076881409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation-robotics","display_name":"Rehabilitation robotics","score":0.5970947742462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5575389862060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5385578274726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemedicine","display_name":"Telemedicine","score":0.5152719020843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanorobotics","display_name":"Nanorobotics","score":0.43214157223701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.4200124144554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3974214792251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3882840871810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37538397312164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3200241029262543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1625971496105194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.12069320678710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.0932166576385498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.8634428977966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7257834076881409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775862927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309766","display_name":"Rehabilitation robotics","level":3,"score":0.5970947742462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5575389862060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5385578274726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779891985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46994","display_name":"Telemedicine","level":3,"score":0.5152719020843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187911381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587024","display_name":"Nanorobotics","level":2,"score":0.43214157223701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.4200124144554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3974214792251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3882840871810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37538397312164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3200241029262543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1625971496105194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.12069320678710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0932166576385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191328","display_name":"Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"2573-5144","issn":["2573-5144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-061521-070251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191328","display_name":"Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"2573-5144","issn":["2573-5144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5571972964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20DZ2220400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225328339.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225328339.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966473615","https://openalex.org/W1976270646","https://openalex.org/W1988527408","https://openalex.org/W1990038185","https://openalex.org/W2002019593","https://openalex.org/W2009762559","https://openalex.org/W2045722096","https://openalex.org/W2083016933","https://openalex.org/W2119985669","https://openalex.org/W2121658418","https://openalex.org/W2151392317","https://openalex.org/W2154000935","https://openalex.org/W2215594934","https://openalex.org/W2306809954","https://openalex.org/W2408200225","https://openalex.org/W2598070036","https://openalex.org/W2605417236","https://openalex.org/W2617281737","https://openalex.org/W2787690100","https://openalex.org/W2787971644","https://openalex.org/W2789445850","https://openalex.org/W2789990281","https://openalex.org/W2790031141","https://openalex.org/W2790485773","https://openalex.org/W2792687613","https://openalex.org/W2795052763","https://openalex.org/W2801912015","https://openalex.org/W2804207405","https://openalex.org/W2805877400","https://openalex.org/W2806185962","https://openalex.org/W2811228695","https://openalex.org/W2885164421","https://openalex.org/W2892582983","https://openalex.org/W2895177630","https://openalex.org/W2895866506","https://openalex.org/W2896109567","https://openalex.org/W2896280082","https://openalex.org/W2902388020","https://openalex.org/W2904391809","https://openalex.org/W2908949019","https://openalex.org/W2913876336","https://openalex.org/W2915710871","https://openalex.org/W2919629852","https://openalex.org/W2921524827","https://openalex.org/W2923121933","https://openalex.org/W2928467655","https://openalex.org/W2948527927","https://openalex.org/W2953282350","https://openalex.org/W2954876976","https://openalex.org/W2961129621","https://openalex.org/W2962569326","https://openalex.org/W2962971764","https://openalex.org/W2963972467","https://openalex.org/W2965525233","https://openalex.org/W2965532207","https://openalex.org/W2967031860","https://openalex.org/W2969480053","https://openalex.org/W2976669717","https://openalex.org/W2978410619","https://openalex.org/W2980871599","https://openalex.org/W2983779882","https://openalex.org/W2986280441","https://openalex.org/W2994446013","https://openalex.org/W2994895683","https://openalex.org/W2996487603","https://openalex.org/W2997494021","https://openalex.org/W2998083925","https://openalex.org/W3004578747","https://openalex.org/W3005324157","https://openalex.org/W3008128737","https://openalex.org/W3009028912","https://openalex.org/W3012780255","https://openalex.org/W3016451726","https://openalex.org/W3017204746","https://openalex.org/W3018853031","https://openalex.org/W3022710925","https://openalex.org/W3026910153","https://openalex.org/W3027568585","https://openalex.org/W3035460017","https://openalex.org/W3036621477","https://openalex.org/W3038036698","https://openalex.org/W3039724585","https://openalex.org/W3040691659","https://openalex.org/W3042437306","https://openalex.org/W3043422134","https://openalex.org/W3045199323","https://openalex.org/W3045477517","https://openalex.org/W3055835222","https://openalex.org/W3061469022","https://openalex.org/W3078964289","https://openalex.org/W3080501213","https://openalex.org/W3081186834","https://openalex.org/W3081652897","https://openalex.org/W3084210095","https://openalex.org/W3093134870","https://openalex.org/W3094202248","https://openalex.org/W3096597946","https://openalex.org/W3096690886","https://openalex.org/W3105496276","https://openalex.org/W3105511457","https://openalex.org/W3106921085","https://openalex.org/W3118451229","https://openalex.org/W3120513072","https://openalex.org/W3120884837","https://openalex.org/W3121228858","https://openalex.org/W3125763744","https://openalex.org/W3126399584","https://openalex.org/W3129004362","https://openalex.org/W3133720372","https://openalex.org/W3135121854","https://openalex.org/W3136958148","https://openalex.org/W3137064532","https://openalex.org/W3137529518","https://openalex.org/W3137758223","https://openalex.org/W3139540107","https://openalex.org/W3142175421","https://openalex.org/W3147326055","https://openalex.org/W3149079890","https://openalex.org/W3155464003","https://openalex.org/W3160383694","https://openalex.org/W3160434969","https://openalex.org/W3165244268","https://openalex.org/W3175422502","https://openalex.org/W4211225190","https://openalex.org/W4243152505","https://openalex.org/W4376545026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2992534160","https://openalex.org/W1595058678","https://openalex.org/W3022812046","https://openalex.org/W2745830841","https://openalex.org/W2096429409","https://openalex.org/W2791650347","https://openalex.org/W2055564519","https://openalex.org/W4211223028","https://openalex.org/W4233182069","https://openalex.org/W2741479573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medical":[0],"robotics":[1,31,129],"is":[2,8],"a":[3],"rapidly":[4],"advancing":[5],"discipline":[6],"that":[7,53],"leading":[9],"the":[10,48,55,75,102,125],"evolution":[11],"of":[12,47,101,128],"robot-assisted":[13],"surgery,":[14],"personalized":[15],"rehabilitation":[16,65],"and":[17,19,26,50,66,69,84,91,107,111,118,120],"assistance,":[18,68],"hospital":[20,70],"automation.":[21],"In":[22,39],"China,":[23],"both":[24],"research":[25,77],"commercial":[27],"developments":[28],"in":[29,36,58,105,130],"medical":[30,59],"have":[32],"undergone":[33],"exponential":[34],"growth":[35],"recent":[37],"years.":[38],"this":[40],"review,":[41],"we":[42,72],"first":[43],"give":[44],"an":[45],"overview":[46],"clinical":[49],"social":[51],"demands":[52],"motivate":[54],"rapid":[56],"development":[57],"robotics.":[60],"For":[61],"each":[62],"subdiscipline":[63],"(surgery,":[64],"personal":[67],"automation),":[71],"then":[73],"summarize":[74],"major":[76],"projects":[78],"sponsored":[79],"by":[80],"National":[81],"Key":[82],"Research":[83],"Development":[85],"Programs.":[86],"The":[87],"remaining":[88],"technical,":[89],"commercial,":[90],"regulatory":[92],"challenges":[93],"are":[94],"highlighted.":[95],"This":[96],"review":[97],"also":[98],"outlines":[99],"some":[100],"new":[103],"opportunities":[104],"endoluminal":[106],"interventional":[108],"robotics,":[109],"micro-":[110],"nanorobotics,":[112],"soft":[113],"exoskeletons,":[114],"intelligent":[115],"human\u2013robot":[116],"interaction,":[117],"telemedicine":[119],"telesurgery,":[121],"which":[122],"may":[123],"support":[124],"general":[126],"uptake":[127],"medicine.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
