{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318003367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","title":"Soft Actuators and Robots Enabled by Additive Manufacturing","display_name":"Soft Actuators and Robots Enabled by Additive Manufacturing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318003367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191328","display_name":"Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"2573-5144","issn":["2573-5144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391512","display_name":"Dong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8569-8713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783797","display_name":"Jinqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-6569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018624327","display_name":"Zequn Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-0374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zequn Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045764892","display_name":"Chengru Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6825-2779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengru Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019595751","display_name":"Jiang Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-4702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102853035","display_name":"Le Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-7824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062568215","display_name":"Nicholas X. Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-629X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas X. Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Current affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Current affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070063268","display_name":"Guoying Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-4523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoying Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration; and Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9013,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98060851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7200767397880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-materials","display_name":"Soft materials","score":0.7165786027908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics","display_name":"Soft robotics","score":0.7162215113639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.700190544128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.6663326621055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5634534955024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.5055618286132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49049729108810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumatic-actuator","display_name":"Pneumatic actuator","score":0.4435686469078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37599506974220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.35264602303504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.33596354722976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21142888069152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2031453549861908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1971777081489563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7200767397880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982836594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144","display_name":"Soft materials","level":2,"score":0.7165786027908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.7162215113639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.700190544128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.6663326621055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5634534955024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.5055618286132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49049729108810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170401851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1965061","display_name":"Pneumatic actuator","level":3,"score":0.4435686469078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37599506974220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35264602303504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.33596354722976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21142888069152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2031453549861908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1971777081489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191328","display_name":"Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"2573-5144","issn":["2573-5144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-control-061022-012035","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191328","display_name":"Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems","issn_l":"2573-5144","issn":["2573-5144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3894060909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20550712100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G652974745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52275025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G755061478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91848204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8174197048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52025057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322999","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327605","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318003367.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318003367.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":194,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1022778776","https://openalex.org/W1041978032","https://openalex.org/W1515749184","https://openalex.org/W1545301666","https://openalex.org/W1659783416","https://openalex.org/W1826414460","https://openalex.org/W1911898688","https://openalex.org/W1930682875","https://openalex.org/W1978415393","https://openalex.org/W1995480430","https://openalex.org/W2003178460","https://openalex.org/W2006577731","https://openalex.org/W2010745100","https://openalex.org/W2013189565","https://openalex.org/W2016457575","https://openalex.org/W2025056376","https://openalex.org/W2025613329","https://openalex.org/W2030818224","https://openalex.org/W2043046841","https://openalex.org/W2055255591","https://openalex.org/W2074923442","https://openalex.org/W2078847656","https://openalex.org/W2087825600","https://openalex.org/W2096298061","https://openalex.org/W2098255292","https://openalex.org/W2122171697","https://openalex.org/W2122701995","https://openalex.org/W2151203874","https://openalex.org/W2160096432","https://openalex.org/W2163566443","https://openalex.org/W2191730565","https://openalex.org/W2204643905","https://openalex.org/W2207688798","https://openalex.org/W2209177405","https://openalex.org/W2272286915","https://openalex.org/W2336992486","https://openalex.org/W2342974502","https://openalex.org/W2414330814","https://openalex.org/W2470745449","https://openalex.org/W2480480872","https://openalex.org/W2513519497","https://openalex.org/W2515930553","https://openalex.org/W2519437300","https://openalex.org/W2519831124","https://openalex.org/W2520982900","https://openalex.org/W2523269344","https://openalex.org/W2528461507","https://openalex.org/W2565037204","https://openalex.org/W2565565386","https://openalex.org/W2566399367","https://openalex.org/W2579914631","https://openalex.org/W2582609323","https://openalex.org/W2584248173","https://openalex.org/W2587341100","https://openalex.org/W2587632990","https://openalex.org/W2588957617","https://openalex.org/W2594832926","https://openalex.org/W2605898329","https://openalex.org/W2608112407","https://openalex.org/W2614923825","https://openalex.org/W2719477690","https://openalex.org/W2726969371","https://openalex.org/W2733697899","https://openalex.org/W2735455255","https://openalex.org/W2737200921","https://openalex.org/W2738259110","https://openalex.org/W2755921665","https://openalex.org/W2764149823","https://openalex.org/W2766358608","https://openalex.org/W2771751522","https://openalex.org/W2773908039","https://openalex.org/W2773918213","https://openalex.org/W2784033758","https://openalex.org/W2789845966","https://openalex.org/W2790084889","https://openalex.org/W2790305286","https://openalex.org/W2790615739","https://openalex.org/W2791180667","https://openalex.org/W2792366853","https://openalex.org/W2792758432","https://openalex.org/W2794445473","https://openalex.org/W2795452127","https://openalex.org/W2800518151","https://openalex.org/W2801458905","https://openalex.org/W2801704144","https://openalex.org/W2805926569","https://openalex.org/W2807234518","https://openalex.org/W2881756927","https://openalex.org/W2882976765","https://openalex.org/W2884140776","https://openalex.org/W2884957839","https://openalex.org/W2888305244","https://openalex.org/W2891977477","https://openalex.org/W2892322660","https://openalex.org/W2896050657","https://openalex.org/W2896670525","https://openalex.org/W2902985912","https://openalex.org/W2903661297","https://openalex.org/W2904532819","https://openalex.org/W2904878352","https://openalex.org/W2905335417","https://openalex.org/W2906001214","https://openalex.org/W2908872833","https://openalex.org/W2910213264","https://openalex.org/W2911624429","https://openalex.org/W2911987536","https://openalex.org/W2914813778","https://openalex.org/W2922570581","https://openalex.org/W2931777280","https://openalex.org/W2939237421","https://openalex.org/W2941611239","https://openalex.org/W2942580786","https://openalex.org/W2944853685","https://openalex.org/W2946073846","https://openalex.org/W2947638614","https://openalex.org/W2952112287","https://openalex.org/W2956658937","https://openalex.org/W2963304500","https://openalex.org/W2966869300","https://openalex.org/W2968389854","https://openalex.org/W2969504290","https://openalex.org/W2969922827","https://openalex.org/W2971278234","https://openalex.org/W2971984862","https://openalex.org/W2975113271","https://openalex.org/W2977674090","https://openalex.org/W2980008517","https://openalex.org/W2982502209","https://openalex.org/W2984221450","https://openalex.org/W2984784701","https://openalex.org/W2987068209","https://openalex.org/W2990526469","https://openalex.org/W2994259506","https://openalex.org/W2994726857","https://openalex.org/W2996185064","https://openalex.org/W2997243881","https://openalex.org/W2997740007","https://openalex.org/W2998744325","https://openalex.org/W3006823518","https://openalex.org/W3008461582","https://openalex.org/W3010914389","https://openalex.org/W3016599978","https://openalex.org/W3016793351","https://openalex.org/W3016910571","https://openalex.org/W3020991994","https://openalex.org/W3021947263","https://openalex.org/W3023786610","https://openalex.org/W3028813881","https://openalex.org/W3029417248","https://openalex.org/W3033138146","https://openalex.org/W3034325083","https://openalex.org/W3035330855","https://openalex.org/W3036952963","https://openalex.org/W3047721482","https://openalex.org/W3082153990","https://openalex.org/W3083498466","https://openalex.org/W3084047301","https://openalex.org/W3084330815","https://openalex.org/W3087249929","https://openalex.org/W3095572085","https://openalex.org/W3095915987","https://openalex.org/W3099274860","https://openalex.org/W3099447764","https://openalex.org/W3112699887","https://openalex.org/W3113970949","https://openalex.org/W3114961680","https://openalex.org/W3115599775","https://openalex.org/W3117108458","https://openalex.org/W3120059743","https://openalex.org/W3121256943","https://openalex.org/W3122489581","https://openalex.org/W3127125587","https://openalex.org/W3128161541","https://openalex.org/W3132657369","https://openalex.org/W3136586249","https://openalex.org/W3137796601","https://openalex.org/W3154125796","https://openalex.org/W3160998308","https://openalex.org/W3162767744","https://openalex.org/W3164740901","https://openalex.org/W3170796743","https://openalex.org/W3182876518","https://openalex.org/W3185031264","https://openalex.org/W3194786616","https://openalex.org/W3200489010","https://openalex.org/W3204633901","https://openalex.org/W3213189848","https://openalex.org/W4200607342","https://openalex.org/W4210818687","https://openalex.org/W4211124276","https://openalex.org/W4224230485","https://openalex.org/W4240919341","https://openalex.org/W4283261272","https://openalex.org/W4293178679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134474396","https://openalex.org/W2809633875","https://openalex.org/W4200033498","https://openalex.org/W1515749184","https://openalex.org/W3095748503","https://openalex.org/W4223619564","https://openalex.org/W4367041227","https://openalex.org/W2291990610","https://openalex.org/W3182175143","https://openalex.org/W4308877319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soft":[0],"robotic":[1,97],"systems":[2,98],"are":[3,51,139],"human":[4],"friendly":[5],"and":[6,25,45,66,77,82,99,103,117,121,125,134],"can":[7],"mimic":[8],"the":[9,37,42,64,75,80,89,101,128],"complex":[10],"motions":[11],"of":[12,39,69,79,95,105,111,130],"animals,":[13],"which":[14],"introduces":[15],"promising":[16,60],"potential":[17],"in":[18,32],"various":[19,93],"applications,":[20],"ranging":[21],"from":[22],"novel":[23],"actuation":[24],"wearable":[26],"electronics":[27],"to":[28,36],"bioinspired":[29],"robots":[30,138],"operating":[31],"unstructured":[33],"environments.":[34],"Due":[35],"use":[38],"soft":[40,54,70,96,119,123,137],"materials,":[41],"traditional":[43],"fabrication":[44,61],"manufacturing":[46,90],"methods":[47,91],"for":[48,53,63,92],"rigid":[49],"materials":[50,81],"unavailable":[52],"robots.":[55],"3D":[56],"printing":[57],"is":[58],"a":[59],"method":[62],"multifunctional":[65,135],"multimaterial":[67],"demands":[68],"robots,":[71],"as":[72],"it":[73],"enables":[74],"personalization":[76],"customization":[78],"structures.":[83],"This":[84],"review":[85],"provides":[86],"perspectives":[87],"on":[88],"types":[94],"discusses":[100],"challenges":[102,129],"prospects":[104],"future":[106],"research,":[107],"including":[108],"in-depth":[109],"discussion":[110],"pneumatic,":[112],"electrically":[113],"activated,":[114],"magnetically":[115],"driven,":[116],"4D-printed":[118],"actuators":[120,124],"integrated":[122],"sensors.":[126],"Finally,":[127],"realizing":[131],"multimaterial,":[132],"multiscale,":[133],"3D-printed":[136],"discussed.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}