{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164828862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816713.3820249","title":"Managing Hallucination Risk in LLM-Generated Outputs: The Roles of Prompting Literacy, Trust Calibration, and Verification Behavior","display_name":"Managing Hallucination Risk in LLM-Generated Outputs: The Roles of Prompting Literacy, Trust Calibration, and Verification Behavior","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164828862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816713.3820249"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3816713.3820249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816713.3820249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advances in Information Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816713.3820249","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101892823","display_name":"Tam Thanh Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-9080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109689652","display_name":"FPT University","ror":"https://ror.org/03esj4g97","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109689652"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tam Thanh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, FPT University, CanTho, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3600-3460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, FPT University, CanTho, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109689652"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138681826","display_name":"Phu Nguyen Huynh Hoai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8586-2858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109689652","display_name":"FPT University","ror":"https://ror.org/03esj4g97","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109689652"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phu Nguyen Huynh Hoai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English Language, FPT University, CanTho, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8586-2858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English Language, FPT University, CanTho, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109689652"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109689652"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84504784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.6552000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.6552000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.08190000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.0803999975323677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluency","display_name":"Fluency","score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"Literacy","score":0.5203999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-fluency","display_name":"Processing fluency","score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.3384999930858612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6916999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.5203999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779398256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530468","display_name":"Processing fluency","level":3,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192769605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418914","display_name":"Vigilance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49895821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227368","display_name":"Data verification","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3816713.3820249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816713.3820249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advances in Information Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3816713.3820249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816713.3820249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advances in Information Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8946364521980286,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W2116146325","https://openalex.org/W2883652106","https://openalex.org/W2975357997","https://openalex.org/W3029022390","https://openalex.org/W3206297794","https://openalex.org/W4211000585","https://openalex.org/W4243342770","https://openalex.org/W4387368391","https://openalex.org/W4393226952","https://openalex.org/W4400721580","https://openalex.org/W4403828883","https://openalex.org/W4404534210","https://openalex.org/W4408774046","https://openalex.org/W4410631396","https://openalex.org/W4412928660","https://openalex.org/W4413038081","https://openalex.org/W4414677042","https://openalex.org/W7123664826"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4,135],"increasingly":[5],"used":[6,94],"by":[7,192,205],"student":[8,45,83,170],"users":[9,46,171],"for":[10,97],"academic":[11,98,218],"learning":[12],"and":[13,36,63,126,132,182,204],"knowledge":[14],"work,":[15],"but":[16],"their":[17],"ability":[18],"to":[19,198],"generate":[20],"fluent":[21],"yet":[22],"inaccurate":[23],"outputs":[24,49],"creates":[25],"hallucination":[26,122,202],"risk.":[27,188],"Prior":[28],"research":[29],"has":[30],"mainly":[31,174],"examined":[32],"generative":[33],"AI":[34,56],"adoption":[35,197],"ethical":[37],"concerns,":[38],"while":[39],"less":[40],"is":[41,77,118,144,155,172],"known":[42],"about":[43],"how":[44,74],"verify":[47],"LLM-generated":[48],"before":[50],"relying":[51],"on":[52,55],"them.":[53],"Drawing":[54],"literacy,":[57],"epistemic":[58],"vigilance":[59],"theory,":[60,66],"trust":[61,124,133],"calibration,":[62,125],"processing":[64],"fluency":[65,154],"this":[67],"study":[68,190],"develops":[69],"a":[70],"dual-path":[71],"model":[72],"examining":[73],"prompting":[75,116],"literacy":[76,117],"associated":[78,120,137,146,158,173],"with":[79,121,138,147,159,175,186],"hallucination-risk":[80],"management":[81],"among":[82,169],"users.":[84],"Survey":[85],"data":[86],"were":[87,108],"collected":[88],"from":[89,195],"210":[90],"students":[91],"who":[92],"had":[93],"LLM":[95,149,167,196,215],"tools":[96],"tasks.":[99],"After":[100],"removing":[101],"10":[102],"straight-lining":[103],"responses,":[104],"200":[105],"valid":[106],"responses":[107],"analyzed":[109],"using":[110],"PLS-SEM.":[111],"The":[112,162],"findings":[113,163],"indicate":[114],"that":[115,165],"positively":[119,136],"awareness,":[123,179],"perceived":[127,152],"output":[128,153],"fluency.":[129],"Hallucination":[130],"awareness":[131],"calibration":[134],"scenario-based":[139],"self-reported":[140],"verification":[141,160,183,199,207],"behavior,":[142],"which":[143],"strongly":[145],"responsible":[148,166,214],"use.":[150],"However,":[151],"not":[156],"significantly":[157],"behavior.":[161],"suggest":[164],"use":[168,216],"protective":[176],"mechanisms":[177],"of":[178],"calibrated":[180],"trust,":[181],"rather":[184],"than":[185],"fluency-based":[187],"This":[189],"contributes":[191],"shifting":[193],"attention":[194],"behavior":[200,208],"under":[201],"risk":[203],"positioning":[206],"as":[209],"an":[210],"important":[211],"pathway":[212],"toward":[213],"in":[217],"contexts.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-06-16T00:00:00"}