{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164033498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800888","title":"SNARKs from LWE via Non-black-Box Reductions","display_name":"SNARKs from LWE via Non-black-Box Reductions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164033498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800888"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3798129.3800888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800888","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800888","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005453022","display_name":"Zhengzhong Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2233-3768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengzhong Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2233-3768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138214015","display_name":"Mingqi Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3830-0825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingqi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3830-0825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138284036","display_name":"Bo Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3032-8875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3032-8875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95574447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1812","last_page":"1823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.09399999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.09399999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.048900000751018524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.04340000078082085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.862500011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5946999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/witness","display_name":"Witness","score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subclass","display_name":"Subclass","score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","score":0.29010000824928284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.862500011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5946999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776194381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3965271","display_name":"Subclass","level":3,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3798129.3800888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800888","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3798129.3800888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800888","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4180724","https://openalex.org/W56544557","https://openalex.org/W98320937","https://openalex.org/W1512970007","https://openalex.org/W1538440442","https://openalex.org/W1625658248","https://openalex.org/W1836725053","https://openalex.org/W1965541031","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W1970808997","https://openalex.org/W1984153141","https://openalex.org/W1990932978","https://openalex.org/W2057512592","https://openalex.org/W2067047774","https://openalex.org/W2071347463","https://openalex.org/W2071520502","https://openalex.org/W2091961944","https://openalex.org/W2137467444","https://openalex.org/W2144238522","https://openalex.org/W2186160814","https://openalex.org/W2584176762","https://openalex.org/W2811194755","https://openalex.org/W2902294358","https://openalex.org/W3022089689","https://openalex.org/W3082860856","https://openalex.org/W3118434288","https://openalex.org/W3127722798","https://openalex.org/W3157193347","https://openalex.org/W3212906231","https://openalex.org/W4214811950","https://openalex.org/W4285136272","https://openalex.org/W4285208320","https://openalex.org/W4312655035","https://openalex.org/W4312659586","https://openalex.org/W4312735032","https://openalex.org/W4313203259","https://openalex.org/W4376639523","https://openalex.org/W4384027379","https://openalex.org/W4385654169","https://openalex.org/W4385654212","https://openalex.org/W4385654459","https://openalex.org/W4392501740","https://openalex.org/W4399521422","https://openalex.org/W4399522298","https://openalex.org/W4401598603","https://openalex.org/W4401598889","https://openalex.org/W4404778167","https://openalex.org/W4404903344","https://openalex.org/W4409851996","https://openalex.org/W4410132494","https://openalex.org/W4411319985","https://openalex.org/W4413457443","https://openalex.org/W7076049913","https://openalex.org/W7128619870"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"construct":[1],"the":[2,11,37],"first":[3],"succinct":[4],"non-interactive":[5],"arguments":[6],"of":[7,13,21],"knowledge":[8],"(SNARKs)":[9],"from":[10],"polynomial-hardness":[12],"Learning":[14],"with":[15],"Errors":[16],"(LWE)":[17],"for":[18],"a":[19,28],"subclass":[20],"UP":[22],"languages":[23],"whose":[24],"witness":[25],"unambiguity":[26],"has":[27],"polynomial-size":[29],"Extended":[30],"Frege":[31],"(EF)":[32],"proof.":[33],"Our":[34],"construction":[35],"achieves":[36],"following":[38],"soundness":[39],"guarantee:":[40]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-06-10T00:00:00"}
