{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138946266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785318.3785322","title":"Group Decision Performance of Human Examiners for Identity-aware Face Image Manipulation Detection","display_name":"Group Decision Performance of Human Examiners for Identity-aware Face Image Manipulation Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138946266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785318.3785322"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785318.3785322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785318.3785322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Digital Forensics Doctoral Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785318.3785322","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130027201","display_name":"Ana Estrada Real","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ana Estrada Real","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec-Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-9665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec-Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009467105","display_name":"Robert C. Nichols","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0987-2879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Nichols","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec-Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0987-2879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec-Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129840532","display_name":"Christoph Busch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Busch","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec-Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-2923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec-Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012616391","display_name":"C. Rathgeb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Rathgeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec-Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-9468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec-Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130027201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56229338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.2766999900341034,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.2766999900341034,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.23520000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.06310000270605087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-manipulation","display_name":"Image manipulation","score":0.5604000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.3025999963283539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6079000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5713000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987933465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141130","display_name":"Image manipulation","level":3,"score":0.5604000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.25929999351501465}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785318.3785322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785318.3785322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Digital Forensics Doctoral Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3785318.3785322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3785318.3785322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Digital Forensics Doctoral Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977959244","https://openalex.org/W2079482920","https://openalex.org/W2091470767","https://openalex.org/W2121427122","https://openalex.org/W2134345245","https://openalex.org/W2222577885","https://openalex.org/W2505734102","https://openalex.org/W2749993839","https://openalex.org/W3022033160","https://openalex.org/W3110310448","https://openalex.org/W4205377697","https://openalex.org/W4210699789","https://openalex.org/W4226373926","https://openalex.org/W4298326158","https://openalex.org/W4308233963","https://openalex.org/W4309459733","https://openalex.org/W4312451386","https://openalex.org/W4319456021","https://openalex.org/W4385759809","https://openalex.org/W4391423162","https://openalex.org/W4399564850","https://openalex.org/W4409345837","https://openalex.org/W6978265479"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"image":[1,35,91],"manipulation":[2],"technologies":[3],"have":[4],"become":[5],"popular":[6],"in":[7,13,45,72,78,93,101,106],"recent":[8],"years,":[9],"allowing":[10],"people":[11],"interested":[12],"committing":[14],"fraud":[15],"to":[16,32,68],"access":[17],"services":[18],"undetected.":[19],"Although":[20],"the":[21,59],"research":[22],"community":[23],"keeps":[24],"working":[25,44],"on":[26],"improving":[27],"automated":[28],"attack":[29],"detection":[30],"algorithms":[31],"detect":[33],"face":[34,40,75,90],"manipulations":[36],"(e.g.":[37],"morphing":[38],"and":[39,47,58],"swapping),":[41],"human":[42,70],"experts":[43],"migration":[46],"law":[48],"enforcement":[49],"remain":[50],"ultimately":[51],"responsible":[52],"for":[53],"verifying":[54],"a":[55,87,98,102],"person\u2019s":[56],"identity":[57],"authenticity":[60],"of":[61],"their":[62],"documents.":[63],"Therefore,":[64],"it":[65],"is":[66],"essential":[67],"assess":[69],"capabilities":[71],"detecting":[73],"manipulated":[74],"images,":[76],"especially":[77],"identity-aware":[79],"differential":[80],"scenarios":[81],"where":[82],"an":[83,94,107],"examiner":[84],"must":[85],"compare":[86],"trusted":[88],"live":[89],"taken":[92],"uncontrolled":[95],"environment":[96],"with":[97],"portrait":[99],"stored":[100],"database":[103],"or":[104],"printed":[105],"official":[108],"document.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-21T06:30:42.041108","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}