{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165393490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773077.3806132","title":"Bit:chat: A Tangible Approach to Teach Children about Everyday Secure Communication and Cryptography","display_name":"Bit:chat: A Tangible Approach to Teach Children about Everyday Secure Communication and Cryptography","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165393490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773077.3806132"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3773077.3806132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773077.3806132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773077.3806132","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043713402","display_name":"Mille Skovhus Lunding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5829-2208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mille Skovhus Lunding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5829-2208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107670652","display_name":"Maja Dybboe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maja Dybboe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5403-4927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033301671","display_name":"Karl-Emil Kj\u00e6r Bilstrup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9285-7372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl-Emil Kj\u00e6r Bilstrup","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9285-7372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101697546","display_name":"Ane Vielandt Jensen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ane Vielandt Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computational Thinking and Design, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-4139","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational Thinking and Design, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020426542","display_name":"Line Have Musaeus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-2767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Line Have Musaeus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-2767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064452976","display_name":"Ole Sejer Iversen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-6716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ole Sejer Iversen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computational Thinking & Design, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-6716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational Thinking & Design, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030281401","display_name":"Marianne Graves Petersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-803X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marianne Graves Petersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-803X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":73.663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99816291,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"672","last_page":"687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.11500000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.11500000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.0681999996304512,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/everyday-life","display_name":"Everyday life","score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.2904999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129653","display_name":"Everyday life","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444868","display_name":"Secure communication","level":3,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.27300000190734863}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3773077.3806132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773077.3806132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3773077.3806132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3773077.3806132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4151482582092285,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1911641589","https://openalex.org/W1987114563","https://openalex.org/W1998834560","https://openalex.org/W2030181881","https://openalex.org/W2052367914","https://openalex.org/W2070470500","https://openalex.org/W2098171483","https://openalex.org/W2150036995","https://openalex.org/W2170749155","https://openalex.org/W2398063731","https://openalex.org/W2539058085","https://openalex.org/W2612999747","https://openalex.org/W2921847944","https://openalex.org/W2975834943","https://openalex.org/W3008325899","https://openalex.org/W3015529484","https://openalex.org/W3096807099","https://openalex.org/W3132204078","https://openalex.org/W3165015248","https://openalex.org/W3172572707","https://openalex.org/W4225008505","https://openalex.org/W4249283482","https://openalex.org/W4283457208","https://openalex.org/W4284882936","https://openalex.org/W4293098082","https://openalex.org/W4295185381","https://openalex.org/W4297156444","https://openalex.org/W4307886640","https://openalex.org/W4323037744","https://openalex.org/W4387469146","https://openalex.org/W4392542332","https://openalex.org/W4392564780","https://openalex.org/W4394911589","https://openalex.org/W4400268519","https://openalex.org/W4407771142","https://openalex.org/W4411558256","https://openalex.org/W4411558501","https://openalex.org/W4412035707"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"digital":[1],"communication":[2,37,62],"has":[3],"become":[4],"integral":[5],"to":[6,35,131],"children\u2019s":[7,110],"social":[8],"interaction,":[9],"they":[10],"must":[11],"understand":[12],"when":[13],"and":[14,25,38,50,56,63,69,75,89,101,138,142],"how":[15,93,121],"their":[16,135],"privacy":[17],"is":[18],"protected.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21,51],"presents":[22],"the":[23,94,132,140],"design":[24,96],"evaluation":[26],"of":[27,112,115],"Bit:chat,":[28],"a":[29,47,85],"tangible":[30,95,122,147],"tool":[31],"that":[32,71],"introduces":[33],"children":[34,72,126],"secure":[36,116],"cryptography":[39],"through":[40],"hands-on":[41],"collaboration,":[42,100],"by":[43],"combining":[44],"networked":[45],"micro:bits,":[46],"web":[48],"interface,":[49],"templates.":[52],"Drawing":[53],"on":[54,120],"constructivist":[55],"collaborative":[57],"learning,":[58],"Bit:chat":[59,77],"externalizes":[60],"client\u2013server":[61],"cryptographic":[64,129],"processes":[65],"into":[66],"physical":[67],"artifacts":[68],"actions":[70],"can":[73,124],"explore":[74],"manipulate.":[76],"was":[78],"evaluated":[79],"in":[80,84,109,134],"an":[81],"exploratory":[82,102],"study":[83],"K\u20139":[86],"classroom":[87],"setting,":[88],"qualitative":[90],"results":[91,105],"illustrate":[92],"supported":[97],"engagement,":[98],"peer":[99],"learning.":[103],"Quantitative":[104],"further":[106],"show":[107],"improvements":[108],"understanding":[111],"core":[113],"concepts":[114,130],"communication.":[117],"We":[118],"reflect":[119],"approaches":[123],"help":[125],"connect":[127],"abstract":[128],"technologies":[133],"everyday":[136],"lives":[137],"discuss":[139],"challenges":[141],"opportunities":[143],"for":[144],"designing":[145],"such":[146],"tools.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-21T06:12:48.119943","created_date":"2026-06-20T00:00:00"}