{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147337106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769872.3769904","title":"Controllable Modular Trees","display_name":"Controllable Modular Trees","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147337106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769872.3769904"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769872.3769904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769872.3769904","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 51st Graphics Interface Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109327480","display_name":"S. Takikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8910-679X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suzuran Takikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132653006","display_name":"Riccardo Tinchelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869089601","display_name":"Netflix (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0197qw696","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869089601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Tinchelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netflix Animation Studios, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netflix Animation Studios, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869089601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119070082","display_name":"Mike Davison","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869089601","display_name":"Netflix (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0197qw696","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869089601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike J Davison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netflix Animation Studios, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netflix Animation Studios, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869089601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077254311","display_name":"Curtis Andrus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1435-9555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869089601","display_name":"Netflix (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0197qw696","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869089601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Curtis Andrus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netflix Animation Studios, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netflix Animation Studios, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869089601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132702787","display_name":"James John Drown","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869089601","display_name":"Netflix (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0197qw696","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869089601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James John Drown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netflix Animation Studios, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netflix Animation Studios, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869089601"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053259123","display_name":"Alla Sheffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-3716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alla Sheffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109327480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86916427,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.8571000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.8571000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.05700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.8008000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6696000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-balanced-tree","display_name":"Weight-balanced tree","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.8008000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6696000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6345999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57900377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7979855","display_name":"Weight-balanced tree","level":4,"score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154597","display_name":"Polygon mesh","level":2,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207024777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621673","display_name":"Search tree","level":3,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777168461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42196253","display_name":"Set operations","level":3,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3769872.3769904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769872.3769904","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 51st Graphics Interface Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549847324","https://openalex.org/W1964396779","https://openalex.org/W1967688818","https://openalex.org/W1993244675","https://openalex.org/W2005877534","https://openalex.org/W2010403194","https://openalex.org/W2010769244","https://openalex.org/W2015965979","https://openalex.org/W2019852388","https://openalex.org/W2019927198","https://openalex.org/W2036697911","https://openalex.org/W2080574968","https://openalex.org/W2103815986","https://openalex.org/W2122796335","https://openalex.org/W2131440240","https://openalex.org/W2132524478","https://openalex.org/W2135844327","https://openalex.org/W2137635505","https://openalex.org/W2158729183","https://openalex.org/W2166051912","https://openalex.org/W2177199035","https://openalex.org/W2296148643","https://openalex.org/W2333006887","https://openalex.org/W2472662034","https://openalex.org/W2616039339","https://openalex.org/W2740362242","https://openalex.org/W2950949074","https://openalex.org/W2957790523","https://openalex.org/W3031883024","https://openalex.org/W3080858210","https://openalex.org/W3137754491","https://openalex.org/W3165740030","https://openalex.org/W3206849198","https://openalex.org/W4229590771","https://openalex.org/W4232695163","https://openalex.org/W4236309931","https://openalex.org/W4286611174","https://openalex.org/W4313828784","https://openalex.org/W4385288908","https://openalex.org/W4387502952","https://openalex.org/W4400820634","https://openalex.org/W4402716026"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trees":[0],"are":[1,56,63,69,110],"a":[2,89,103,165,183,187,205,210,225,235],"ubiquitous":[3],"part":[4],"of":[5,15,41,48,102,106,127,159,190,198,232,244],"virtual":[6],"environments,":[7],"but":[8,35],"faithfully":[9],"modeling":[10,20,54,139,169],"trees":[11,31,100,124,141,201,219,229],"is":[12],"challenging":[13],"because":[14],"their":[16,42,132],"incredible":[17],"diversity.":[18],"Tree":[19],"methods":[21,55,137],"face":[22],"two":[23],"key":[24,39],"challenges,":[25],"as":[26,45,72,209],"users":[27],"want":[28],"to":[29,58,97,116,153,174,204],"create":[30],"that":[32,62,202,220,227],"look":[33,156],"realistic":[34,119,199],"retain":[36],"control":[37,154],"over":[38],"elements":[40],"appearance,":[43],"such":[44,83],"the":[46,49,155,160,176,196,218,245],"shape":[47,158,180,208],"tree":[50,53,60,85],"crowns.":[51],"Traditional":[52],"geared":[57],"produce":[59],"models":[61,86],"both":[64],"detailed":[65],"and":[66,68,81,114,146,157,240,258],"unique":[67],"typically":[70],"stored":[71],"high-triangle":[73],"count":[74],"meshes":[75],"or":[76],"skeletons":[77],"plus":[78],"radii.":[79],"Storing":[80],"manipulating":[82],"traditional":[84,133],"comes":[87],"with":[88],"significant":[90],"memory":[91,130],"cost.":[92],"Recent":[93],"approaches":[94],"have":[95],"proposed":[96],"use":[98],"modular":[99,123,140,170,200],"consisting":[101],"finite":[104],"set":[105,189],"branch":[107,192],"modules,":[108],"which":[109],"transformed":[111],"(scaled,":[112],"translated,":[113],"rotated)":[115],"jointly":[117],"form":[118],"looking":[120],"trees.":[121,162],"Consequently,":[122],"require":[125],"orders":[126],"magnitude":[128],"less":[129],"than":[131],"counterparts.":[134],"However,":[135],"existing":[136],"for":[138,151,168],"focus":[142],"on":[143,254],"visual":[144],"realism":[145,238],"provide":[147],"only":[148],"minimal":[149],"mechanisms":[150],"artists":[152,173],"resulting":[161],"We":[163,194,215,249],"propose":[164],"controllable":[166],"method":[167,226,253],"trees,":[171],"enabling":[172],"define":[175],"tree\u2019s":[177],"overall":[178],"crown":[179,207,247,256],"while":[181],"maintaining":[182,237],"plausible":[184],"appearance":[185],"using":[186,224],"small":[188],"replicated":[191],"modules.":[193],"formulate":[195],"computation":[197],"conform":[203],"user-specified":[206],"constrained":[211],"mixed-variable":[212],"optimization":[213],"problem.":[214],"then":[216],"compute":[217],"satisfy":[221],"these":[222],"constraints":[223],"grows":[228],"one":[230],"layer":[231],"branches":[233],"at":[234],"time,":[236],"throughout":[239],"promoting":[241],"accurate":[242],"approximation":[243],"target":[246],"shape.":[248],"extensively":[250],"test":[251],"our":[252],"diverse":[255],"shapes":[257],"compare":[259],"against":[260],"baselines,":[261],"demonstrating":[262],"its":[263],"effectiveness.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T13:53:19.096889","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}