{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415381526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3736731.3746155","title":"Hardware Cost Evaluation in Systems Security","display_name":"Hardware Cost Evaluation in Systems Security","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415381526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3736731.3746155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3736731.3746155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3736731.3746155","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Reproducibility and Replicability","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/5435d76a-b958-4f3d-8a83-2043c55876c1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107823712","display_name":"Jesse De Meulemeester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2295-9979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jesse De Meulemeester","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2295-9979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107404126","display_name":"Quinten Norga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0983-5664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quinten Norga","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0983-5664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008329832","display_name":"Frank Piessens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-153X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Piessens","raw_affiliation_strings":["DistriNet, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-153X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DistriNet, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082347771","display_name":"Ingrid Verbauwhede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Verbauwhede","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-076X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028155354","display_name":"M\u00e1rton Bogn\u00e1r","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-7549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marton Bognar","raw_affiliation_strings":["DistriNet, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-7549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DistriNet, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107823712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14991019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"229","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.8758999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.3869999945163727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.8758999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5325000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018395757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379672","display_name":"Evaluation methods","level":2,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019080777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754768","display_name":"Cost effectiveness","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3736731.3746155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3736731.3746155","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Reproducibility and Replicability","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/769537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/769537","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/5435d76a-b958-4f3d-8a83-2043c55876c1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Conference on Reproducibility and Replicability, Vancouver, Canada, 29-31 July 2025","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/769537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/769537","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/5435d76a-b958-4f3d-8a83-2043c55876c1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Conference on Reproducibility and Replicability, Vancouver, Canada, 29-31 July 2025","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3703936846","display_name":"Hardware Acceleration for Computing on Encrypted Data","funder_award_id":"101020005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4560616151","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101070008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6220799212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VOEWICS02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","funder_display_name":"Vlaamse regering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6519656021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101020005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8204408998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101070008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8953773769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G081322N,11PFE24N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415381526.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415381526.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566203915","https://openalex.org/W1578155860","https://openalex.org/W2153530968","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2785626603","https://openalex.org/W4402264057","https://openalex.org/W4403524650"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"proposing":[1],"new":[2],"or":[3,25],"extended":[4],"hardware":[5,18,62,163],"components":[6],"for":[7,111],"integrated":[8],"circuits,":[9],"it":[10,29],"is":[11],"common":[12],"practice":[13],"to":[14,22,82],"evaluate":[15],"the":[16,45,54,79,98,139,147],"associated":[17,46],"cost":[19,164],"by":[20],"synthesizing":[21],"an":[23,104],"FPGA":[24],"ASIC":[26],"and":[27,41,59,64,123,153,161],"compare":[28],"with":[30],"related":[31],"work.":[32],"Ideally,":[33],"these":[34,90],"evaluation":[35,105,125,132,151],"figures":[36],"should":[37],"provide":[38],"a":[39,70,84,112,117,129,155],"reproducible":[40,160],"fair":[42,85,162],"measure":[43],"of":[44,56,66,141],"overhead.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,73,102,127],"focus":[52],"on":[53,108,135],"field":[55,140],"systems":[57,167],"security":[58],"study":[60,107],"published":[61],"designs":[63],"extensions":[65,109],"research":[67,113],"processors.":[68],"Through":[69],"literature":[71],"review,":[72],"find":[74],"that":[75],"many":[76],"publications":[77],"lack":[78],"necessary":[80],"details":[81],"conduct":[83,103],"re-evaluation.":[86],"To":[87],"demonstrate":[88],"how":[89],"omissions":[91],"can":[92],"result":[93],"in":[94,97,149,166],"significant":[95],"differences":[96],"measured":[99],"area":[100],"metrics,":[101],"case":[106],"proposed":[110],"processor.":[114],"Finally,":[115],"as":[116],"first":[118],"step":[119],"towards":[120],"more":[121,159],"transparent":[122],"consistent":[124],"results,":[126],"propose":[128,154],"preliminary":[130],"open-source":[131],"toolchain":[133],"based":[134],"best":[136],"practices":[137],"from":[138],"cryptographic":[142],"hardware.":[143],"Our":[144],"results":[145],"highlight":[146],"shortcomings":[148],"current":[150],"techniques":[152],"way":[156],"forward":[157],"toward":[158],"estimation":[165],"security.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-02T08:42:23.175194","created_date":"2025-10-22T00:00:00"}
