{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407367173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3709693","title":"Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art","display_name":"Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407367173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3709693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3709693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3709693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289859","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","issn_l":"2836-6573","issn":["2836-6573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.05575","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024957229","display_name":"Ilias Azizi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091437","display_name":"Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/001z21q04","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilias Azizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["UM6P, Ben Guerir, Morocco, and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UM6P, Ben Guerir, Morocco, and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091437","https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049562331","display_name":"Karima Echihabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-6608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131560","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/03xc55g68","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karima Echihabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["UM6P, Ben Guerir, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UM6P, Ben Guerir, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053726723","display_name":"Themis Palpanas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-0265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Themis Palpanas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024957229"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210091437"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.4044,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99755895,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47755512595176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4362000823020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3873184621334076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37501198053359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32561856508255005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47755512595176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4362000823020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3873184621334076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37501198053359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32561856508255005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3709693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3709693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289859","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","issn_l":"2836-6573","issn":["2836-6573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.05575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05575","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.05575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.05575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05575","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.05575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316682","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/03xc55g68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407367173.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407367173.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206566442","https://openalex.org/W642889137","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1970647353","https://openalex.org/W1978112828","https://openalex.org/W1989037929","https://openalex.org/W2007610503","https://openalex.org/W2016944175","https://openalex.org/W2025376161","https://openalex.org/W2026961318","https://openalex.org/W2031874971","https://openalex.org/W2033000863","https://openalex.org/W2066796814","https://openalex.org/W2070991879","https://openalex.org/W2079728196","https://openalex.org/W2086179657","https://openalex.org/W2107627518","https://openalex.org/W2110026675","https://openalex.org/W2110704543","https://openalex.org/W2114668036","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2118123209","https://openalex.org/W2124509324","https://openalex.org/W2126719278","https://openalex.org/W2132234208","https://openalex.org/W2147717514","https://openalex.org/W2151135734","https://openalex.org/W2155502235","https://openalex.org/W2159094788","https://openalex.org/W2164195254","https://openalex.org/W2171572695","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2266934531","https://openalex.org/W2294518132","https://openalex.org/W2318709160","https://openalex.org/W2427312773","https://openalex.org/W2511469006","https://openalex.org/W2513211580","https://openalex.org/W2523268797","https://openalex.org/W2743159750","https://openalex.org/W2757662681","https://openalex.org/W2766751560","https://openalex.org/W2795208716","https://openalex.org/W2797054769","https://openalex.org/W2883014178","https://openalex.org/W2902708880","https://openalex.org/W2960484119","https://openalex.org/W2963174348","https://openalex.org/W2963265099","https://openalex.org/W2963284996","https://openalex.org/W2963469388","https://openalex.org/W2963601856","https://openalex.org/W2964150020","https://openalex.org/W2964292992","https://openalex.org/W2967756136","https://openalex.org/W2979473749","https://openalex.org/W2986075714","https://openalex.org/W2998655947","https://openalex.org/W2998702515","https://openalex.org/W3013240994","https://openalex.org/W3029685757","https://openalex.org/W3030428326","https://openalex.org/W3030998173","https://openalex.org/W3031577140","https://openalex.org/W3081138975","https://openalex.org/W3081146346","https://openalex.org/W3081830030","https://openalex.org/W3164396702","https://openalex.org/W3165728814","https://openalex.org/W3167598146","https://openalex.org/W3174602507","https://openalex.org/W3196481040","https://openalex.org/W4226216126","https://openalex.org/W4239132423","https://openalex.org/W4254197176","https://openalex.org/W4280585778","https://openalex.org/W4285355789","https://openalex.org/W4323343828","https://openalex.org/W4381610063","https://openalex.org/W4391678086","https://openalex.org/W4391971774","https://openalex.org/W4399794670","https://openalex.org/W4407184949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vector":[0,20,39],"data":[1,21,117],"is":[2,12,41],"prevalent":[3],"across":[4],"business":[5],"and":[6,9,49,85,102,133,148,151,178],"scientific":[7],"applications,":[8],"its":[10],"popularity":[11],"growing":[13],"with":[14,28,119],"the":[15,34,42,54,66,69,79,82,131,139,152,155,169],"proliferation":[16],"of":[17,26,30,36,44,68,81,110,135,154,171],"learned":[18],"embeddings.":[19],"collections":[22],"often":[23],"reach":[24],"billions":[25],"vectors":[27],"thousands":[29],"dimensions,":[31],"thus,":[32],"increasing":[33],"complexity":[35],"their":[37],"analysis.":[38],"search":[40],"backbone":[43],"many":[45],"critical":[46],"analytical":[47,58],"tasks,":[48],"graph-based":[50,75],"methods":[51,84,113],"have":[52],"become":[53],"best":[55,140],"choice":[56,153],"for":[57],"tasks":[59],"that":[60],"do":[61],"not":[62],"require":[63],"guarantees":[64],"on":[65,114,145],"quality":[67],"answers.":[70],"We":[71,104,126],"briefly":[72],"survey":[73],"in-memory":[74],"vector":[76],"search,":[77],"outline":[78],"chronology":[80],"different":[83],"classify":[86],"them":[87],"according":[88],"to":[89,122],"five":[90],"main":[91],"design":[92],"paradigms:":[93],"seed":[94,176],"selection,":[95],"incremental":[96,146],"insertion,":[97],"neighborhood":[98,100,149],"propagation,":[99],"diversification,":[101,150],"divide-and-conquer.":[103],"conduct":[105],"an":[106],"exhaustive":[107],"experimental":[108],"evaluation":[109],"twelve":[111],"state-of-the-art":[112],"seven":[115],"real":[116],"collections,":[118],"sizes":[120],"up":[121],"1":[123],"billion":[124],"vectors.":[125],"share":[127],"key":[128],"insights":[129],"about":[130],"strengths":[132],"limitations":[134],"these":[136],"methods;":[137],"e.g.,":[138],"approaches":[141],"are":[142],"typically":[143],"based":[144],"insertion":[147],"base":[156],"graph":[157],"can":[158],"hurt":[159],"scalability.":[160],"Finally,":[161],"we":[162],"discuss":[163],"open":[164],"research":[165],"directions,":[166],"such":[167],"as":[168],"importance":[170],"devising":[172],"more":[173],"sophisticated":[174],"data-adaptive":[175],"selection":[177],"diversification":[179],"strategies.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}