{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403413354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3690753","title":"Exploring LLM-Driven Explanations for Quantum Algorithms","display_name":"Exploring LLM-Driven Explanations for Quantum Algorithms","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403413354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3690753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674805.3690753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3690753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3690753","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061530799","display_name":"Giordano d\u2019Aloisio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-890X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giordano d'Aloisio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of L'Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-890X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056230493","display_name":"Sophie Fortz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-8587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Fortz","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-8587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065202018","display_name":"Carol Hanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7386-1622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Hanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7386-1622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001092317","display_name":"Daniel Fortunato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2596-6859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Fortunato","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2596-6859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099775909","display_name":"Avner Bensoussan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3285-9468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avner Bensoussan","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3285-9468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056031476","display_name":"E\u00f1aut Mendiluze Usandizaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3315-1664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E\u00f1aut Mendiluze Usandizaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simula Research Laboratory, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3315-1664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012165852","display_name":"Federica Sarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-442X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federica Sarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-442X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061530799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9706,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92327616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"475","last_page":"481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5863965749740601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.47361135482788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42885932326316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17990875244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.14820566773414612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5863965749740601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.47361135482788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42885932326316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17990875244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.14820566773414612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674805.3690753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3690753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2409.19028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19028","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.19028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10205141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10205141/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10205141/1/Sarro_3674805.3690753.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In:  ESEM '24: Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement.  (pp. pp. 475-481).  ACM (2024)","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3674805.3690753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3674805.3690753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2909309003","display_name":"Reliable and Robust Quantum Computing","funder_award_id":"EP/W032635/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3023194051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Y005244/1,EP/W032635/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3279497604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Y005244/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4317964049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IR0000013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5528276319","display_name":"Evolving Program Improvement Collaborators","funder_award_id":"741278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7170562764","display_name":"Verified Simulation for Large Quantum Systems (VSL-Q)","funder_award_id":"EP/Y005244/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7794035313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"741278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566773348","https://openalex.org/W1996143597","https://openalex.org/W2071576863","https://openalex.org/W2077767282","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2138428785","https://openalex.org/W2293040502","https://openalex.org/W2998842053","https://openalex.org/W3088438690","https://openalex.org/W3102427691","https://openalex.org/W3217375639","https://openalex.org/W4214951473","https://openalex.org/W4220897631","https://openalex.org/W4283705032","https://openalex.org/W4288774103","https://openalex.org/W4291213652","https://openalex.org/W4291476001","https://openalex.org/W4321786089","https://openalex.org/W4323033692","https://openalex.org/W4388181629","https://openalex.org/W4391769826","https://openalex.org/W6930229908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Quantum":[1],"computing":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,43,135,203],"rapidly":[5],"growing":[6],"new":[7],"programming":[8],"paradigm":[9],"that":[10,133],"brings":[11],"significant":[12],"changes":[13],"to":[14,125,140],"the":[15,62,111,121,141,145,175,187,207],"design":[16],"and":[17,28,60,74,98,156,168,192],"implementation":[18],"of":[19,26,46,53,64,105,138,147,177,194,206,209],"algorithms.":[20,86,107],"Understanding":[21],"quantum":[22,54,85,106,180,195],"algorithms":[23],"requires":[24],"knowledge":[25],"physics":[27],"mathematics,":[29],"which":[30],"can":[31,49,101],"be":[32],"challenging":[33],"for":[34,82,171,179],"software":[35],"developers.":[36],"Aims:":[37],"In":[38,129],"this":[39],"work,":[40],"we":[41,131,150],"provide":[42],"first":[44],"analysis":[45],"how":[47,90,99,152],"LLMs":[48,71,100,178],"support":[50],"developers\u2019":[51],"understanding":[52],"code.":[55],"Method:":[56],"We":[57,87],"empirically":[58],"analyse":[59,89],"compare":[61],"quality":[63,113,146,208],"explanations":[65,93,114,153],"provided":[66],"by":[67],"three":[68],"widely":[69],"adopted":[70],"(Gpt3.5,":[72],"Llama2,":[73],"Tinyllama)":[75],"using":[76],"two":[77],"different":[78],"human-written":[79],"prompt":[80,142,190],"styles":[81],"seven":[83],"state-of-the-art":[84],"also":[88],"consistent":[91,158],"LLM":[92,122],"are":[94,154],"over":[95,159],"multiple":[96,160],"rounds":[97],"improve":[102,126],"existing":[103,127],"descriptions":[104],"Results:":[108],"Llama2":[109],"provides":[110],"highest":[112],"from":[115],"scratch,":[116],"while":[117],"Gpt3.5":[118],"emerged":[119],"as":[120,198,200],"best":[123],"suited":[124],"explanations.":[128,148,210],"addition,":[130],"show":[132],"adding":[134],"small":[136],"amount":[137],"context":[139],"significantly":[143],"improves":[144],"Finally,":[149],"observe":[151],"qualitatively":[155],"syntactically":[157],"rounds.":[161],"Conclusions:":[162],"This":[163],"work":[164,184],"highlights":[165],"promising":[166],"results,":[167],"opens":[169],"challenges":[170],"future":[172],"research":[173],"in":[174],"field":[176],"code":[181,196],"explanation.":[182],"Future":[183],"includes":[185],"refining":[186],"methods":[188],"through":[189],"optimisation":[191],"parsing":[193],"explanations,":[197],"well":[199],"carrying":[201],"out":[202],"systematic":[204],"assessment":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-26T08:31:28.666265","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}