{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400976821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3670916","title":"Unlocking the Potential of Knowledge Graphs: A Cyber Defense Ontology for a Knowledge Representation and Reasoning System","display_name":"Unlocking the Potential of Knowledge Graphs: A Cyber Defense Ontology for a Knowledge Representation and Reasoning System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400976821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3670916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3664476.3670916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3670916","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008356532","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Jorquera Valero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-7573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Jorquera Valero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004303854","display_name":"Antonio L\u00f3pez Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4077-4030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio L\u00f3pez Mart\u00ednez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068451806","display_name":"Pedro Miguel S\u00e1nchez S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-2102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Miguel S\u00e1nchez S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072026263","display_name":"D. Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0368-3724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37446213","display_name":"Indra (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpq6g39","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37446213"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Navarro Mart\u00ednez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indra Digital Labs, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indra Digital Labs, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37446213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109752607","display_name":"Rodrigo Varas L\u00f3pez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37446213","display_name":"Indra (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpq6g39","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37446213"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Varas L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indra Digital Labs, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indra Digital Labs, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37446213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067825789","display_name":"Javier Rojo Lacal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-9566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37446213","display_name":"Indra (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpq6g39","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37446213"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Ignacio Rojo Lacal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indra Digital Labs, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indra Digital Labs, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37446213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054687135","display_name":"Antonio L\u00f3pez Vivar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-1713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37446213","display_name":"Indra (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpq6g39","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37446213"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio L\u00f3pez Vivar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indra Digital Labs, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indra Digital Labs, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37446213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015993350","display_name":"Marco Antonio Sotelo Monge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-0216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37446213","display_name":"Indra (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpq6g39","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37446213"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Antonio Sotelo Monge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indra Digital Labs, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indra Digital Labs, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37446213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033414840","display_name":"Manuel Gil P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7768-9665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Gil P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059796926","display_name":"Gregorio Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5532-6604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregorio Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008356532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86844929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.7261391282081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.7174093723297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7062131762504578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-knowledge-base-connectivity","display_name":"Open Knowledge Base Connectivity","score":0.532538115978241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4769419729709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.4730752408504486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.46188801527023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-systems","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","score":0.46083858609199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-based-reasoning","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","score":0.43707627058029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-graph","display_name":"Conceptual graph","score":0.4207664728164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3274504840373993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.25274431705474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24058586359024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-knowledge-management","display_name":"Personal knowledge management","score":0.14362335205078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-learning","display_name":"Organizational learning","score":0.07510268688201904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.7261391282081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.7174093723297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7062131762504578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29804473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025711","display_name":"Open Knowledge Base Connectivity","level":4,"score":0.532538115978241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4769419729709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.4730752408504486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.46188801527023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.46083858609199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37335422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888134","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","level":3,"score":0.43707627058029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C234837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420493","display_name":"Conceptual graph","level":3,"score":0.4207664728164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3274504840373993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.25274431705474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24058586359024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187572123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2034224","display_name":"Personal knowledge management","level":3,"score":0.14362335205078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169735623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430172","display_name":"Organizational learning","level":2,"score":0.07510268688201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3664476.3670916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664476.3670916","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512097045","https://openalex.org/W1989560246","https://openalex.org/W2251157814","https://openalex.org/W3003265726","https://openalex.org/W3045725993","https://openalex.org/W3092331527","https://openalex.org/W3162894644","https://openalex.org/W4319163402","https://openalex.org/W4382072787","https://openalex.org/W4385688053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966135007","https://openalex.org/W2374010509","https://openalex.org/W2075096090","https://openalex.org/W1979978247","https://openalex.org/W2903818134","https://openalex.org/W2116633399","https://openalex.org/W4292074537","https://openalex.org/W2186303030","https://openalex.org/W153623002","https://openalex.org/W2051496725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,55,133],"today\u2019s":[1],"dynamic":[2],"and":[3,13,49,68,96,99,123,157,182,210],"complex":[4],"warfare":[5,40,88,198],"landscape,":[6],"characterized":[7],"by":[8,90,104,187],"the":[9,16,42,105,113,127,146,162,204,207],"convergence":[10],"of":[11,18,108,129,206],"traditional":[12],"emerging":[14],"threats,":[15],"significance":[17],"cybersecurity":[19,72,109,147],"in":[20,34,41,52,110,126],"shaping":[21],"modern":[22],"conflicts":[23],"cannot":[24],"be":[25],"overstated.":[26],"Such":[27],"trend":[28],"presents":[29],"a":[30,66,82,100,139,184,195],"challenging":[31],"paradigm":[32],"shift":[33],"how":[35,211],"military":[36,62,159],"organizations":[37],"approach":[38,84],"mosaic":[39,77,87,197],"digital":[43],"age":[44],"since":[45],"new":[46,140],"attack":[47],"vectors":[48],"targets":[50],"appear":[51],"their":[53],"landscapes.":[54],"this":[56,134,136],"vein,":[57],"it":[58,212],"is":[59,168,200],"pivotal":[60],"for":[61,71,192],"teams":[63],"to":[64,75,85,117,155,202],"have":[65],"clear":[67],"concise":[69],"roadmap":[70],"incidents":[73],"linked":[74],"potential":[76],"warfare.":[78],"This":[79],"manuscript":[80,137],"introduces":[81,151],"novel":[83],"bolstering":[86],"strategies":[89],"integrating":[91],"an":[92],"advanced":[93],"Knowledge":[94],"Representation":[95],"Reasoning":[97],"system":[98,115,209],"tailored":[101],"ontology.":[102],"Motivated":[103],"critical":[106],"role":[107],"contemporary":[111],"warfare,":[112],"proposed":[114,208],"aims":[116],"enhance":[118],"situational":[119],"awareness,":[120],"decision-making":[121],"capabilities,":[122],"operational":[124,158],"effectiveness":[125],"face":[128],"evolving":[130],"cyber":[131],"threats.":[132],"sense,":[135],"entails":[138],"ontology":[141,167],"that":[142],"not":[143],"only":[144],"covers":[145],"realm":[148],"but":[149],"also":[150,169],"key":[152],"concepts":[153],"related":[154],"strategic":[156],"levels":[160],"at":[161],"same":[163],"time.":[164],"The":[165],"ad-hoc":[166],"compared":[170],"against":[171],"other":[172],"well-known":[173],"ones,":[174],"such":[175],"as":[176],"MITRE,":[177],"NATO,":[178],"or":[179],"UCO":[180],"approaches":[181],"manifests":[183],"significant":[185],"performance":[186],"employing":[188],"standardized":[189],"quality":[190],"metrics":[191],"ontologies.":[193],"Lastly,":[194],"realistic":[196],"scenario":[199],"contextualized":[201],"demonstrate":[203],"deployment":[205],"can":[213],"properly":[214],"represent":[215],"all":[216],"information":[217],"gathered":[218],"from":[219],"heterogeneous":[220],"data":[221],"sources.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}