{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392255542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637732.3637745","title":"Multi-Class Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Classification System Using Deep Learning Techniques","display_name":"Multi-Class Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Classification System Using Deep Learning Techniques","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392255542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637732.3637745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3637732.3637745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637732.3637745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 10th International Conference on Biomedical and Bioinformatics Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025160781","display_name":"In Neng Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-4510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"In Neng Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechnical Engineering, University of Macau, China","Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-4510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechnical Engineering, University of Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101412543","display_name":"Tang Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5449-0047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechnical Engineering, University of Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5449-0047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechnical Engineering, University of Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063490642","display_name":"Pak Kin Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7623-6904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pak Kin Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechnical Engineering, University of Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7623-6904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechnical Engineering, University of Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101736320","display_name":"Tao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-015X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113795","display_name":"Hubei University of Arts and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0212jcf64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113795"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechnical Engineering, University of Macau, China and School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-015X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechnical Engineering, University of Macau, China and School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210113795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094025374","display_name":"In Weng Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In Weng Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechnical Engineering, University of Macau, China","Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5285-7743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechnical Engineering, University of Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102840030","display_name":"Hao Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4082-609X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113795","display_name":"Hubei University of Arts and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0212jcf64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119234","display_name":"Xiangyang Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02dx2xm20","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119234"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4082-609X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113795","https://openalex.org/I4210119234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101901327","display_name":"Chon In Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0999-5028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137718","display_name":"Kiang Wu Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03r5za471","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137718"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chon In Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Kiang Wu Hospital, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0999-5028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Kiang Wu Hospital, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137718"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025160781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I204512498"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5384,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70397959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"223","last_page":"229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10671","display_name":"Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10671","display_name":"Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10619","display_name":"Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9347000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflux","display_name":"Reflux","score":0.7762261033058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6824958324432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.6026965975761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5915971994400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5141444802284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43392640352249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2538939118385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.19090276956558228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43270747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898610","display_name":"Reflux","level":3,"score":0.7762261033058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6824958324432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.6026965975761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5915971994400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5141444802284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43392640352249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2538939118385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19090276956558228}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3637732.3637745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637732.3637745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 10th International Conference on Biomedical and Bioinformatics Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013382606","https://openalex.org/W2050977114","https://openalex.org/W2078887012","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2141185001","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2978981352","https://openalex.org/W3021503072","https://openalex.org/W3085574514","https://openalex.org/W3088930327","https://openalex.org/W3134642121","https://openalex.org/W3134942883","https://openalex.org/W4285222955","https://openalex.org/W4309455257","https://openalex.org/W4321327455","https://openalex.org/W4324081107","https://openalex.org/W6687567705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W4323565446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gastroesophageal":[0],"reflux":[1],"disease":[2,35],"(GERD)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"a":[6,51,57,247,254],"ubiquitous":[7],"health":[8],"problem":[9],"for":[10,100,158,243,261,272],"centuries.":[11],"Its":[12],"symptoms":[13],"are":[14],"hard":[15],"to":[16,27,38,67,76,86,154],"distinguish":[17],"and":[18,33,62,83,134,140,151,187,202,246,265],"endoscopists":[19],"with":[20,185,194],"less":[21],"experience":[22],"usually":[23],"find":[24],"it":[25,266],"difficult":[26],"diagnose":[28],"the":[29,87,98,112,121,132,145,155,169,176,191,212,219,239,277],"severity":[30,101],"of":[31,115,147,197,200,205,238],"GERD,":[32],"this":[34],"might":[36],"progress":[37],"more":[39],"severe":[40],"diseases":[41],"like":[42],"Barrett\u2019s":[43],"esophagus":[44,82],"without":[45],"adequate":[46],"treatment.":[47],"Therefore,":[48],"we":[49,174],"proposed":[50],"multi-class":[52,255],"classification":[53,257],"system,":[54],"which":[55],"comprised":[56],"deep":[58],"learning":[59],"(DL)":[60],"model":[61,123,130,157,160,171,232],"graphical":[63],"user":[64],"interface":[65],"(GUI),":[66],"classify":[68],"GERD":[69,262,273],"grading":[70,263],"from":[71,111],"endoscopic":[72],"images":[73,110],"so":[74],"as":[75,97,131],"provide":[77],"finer":[78],"predictions":[79],"on":[80,276],"erosive":[81],"easier":[84],"assessment":[85],"system.":[88],"The":[89,231],"Los":[90],"Angeles":[91],"Classification":[92],"system":[93,258],"(LACS)":[94],"was":[95,165,172,208,259],"selected":[96],"standard":[99],"grading.":[102],"We":[103,119,142],"collected":[104],"3,654":[105],"white":[106],"light":[107],"(WL)":[108],"esophagoscopic":[109],"database":[113],"engine":[114],"Xiangyang":[116],"Centre":[117],"Hospital.":[118],"built":[120,175],"DL":[122,156,256],"using":[124,178,215,222],"pre-trained":[125,136],"convolutional":[126],"neural":[127],"network":[128],"(CNN)":[129],"backbone,":[133],"different":[135],"models":[137],"were":[138,234],"used":[139],"compared.":[141],"also":[143,166,209],"evaluated":[144],"effectiveness":[146],"applying":[148],"data":[149,163],"resampling":[150],"attention":[152,188],"map":[153,189],"optimizing":[159],"performance.":[161],"Besides,":[162],"augmentation":[164],"employed.":[167],"After":[168],"best":[170,192],"selected,":[173],"GUI":[177],"HuggingFace.":[179],"Experimental":[180],"results":[181,193,226],"showed":[182],"that":[183,211],"DenseNet121":[184,223],"oversampling":[186],"achieved":[190],"an":[195],"accuracy":[196],"0.7469,":[198],"recall":[199],"0.7057":[201],"Cohen\u2019s":[203],"kappa":[204],"0.7757.":[206],"It":[207],"discovered":[210],"experimental":[213,229],"groups":[214],"both":[216],"techniques":[217],"outperformed":[218],"others,":[220],"while":[221],"obtained":[224],"better":[225],"considering":[227],"all":[228],"groups.":[230],"outputs":[233],"displayed":[235],"in":[236],"terms":[237],"predicted":[240],"label,":[241],"probabilities":[242],"each":[244],"grade":[245],"heatmap":[248],"containing":[249],"highlighted":[250],"attention.":[251],"In":[252],"conclusion,":[253],"developed":[260],"classification,":[264],"exhibited":[267],"its":[268],"potentially":[269],"acceptable":[270],"efficacy":[271],"diagnosis":[274],"based":[275],"LACS.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}