{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389158953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616272","title":"Statfier: Automated Testing of Static Analyzers via Semantic-Preserving Program Transformations","display_name":"Statfier: Automated Testing of Static Analyzers via Semantic-Preserving Program Transformations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389158953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611643.3616272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038778891","display_name":"Huaien Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-5062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huaien Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China / Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-5062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China / Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105","https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028795031","display_name":"Yu Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-6958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-6958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365555","display_name":"Junjie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-9962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051957977","display_name":"Shin Hwei Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-3372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shin Hwei Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-3372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038778891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506","https://openalex.org/I3045169105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93214774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"237","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8625420331954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.819183349609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.5860902667045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5762639045715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.5717719793319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-analyzer","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","score":0.5559322834014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.5456961989402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5118879079818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-analysis","display_name":"Program analysis","score":0.5083572268486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.4805222451686859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.42754215002059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.42404812574386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37652909755706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.3555285930633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.20468074083328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17720142006874084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1667739748954773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8625420331954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.819183349609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.5860902667045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5762639045715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.5717719793319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158007255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055222","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","level":2,"score":0.5559322834014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.5456961989402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5118879079818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.5083572268486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.4805222451686859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.42754215002059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.42404812574386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37652909755706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.3555285930633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.20468074083328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17720142006874084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1667739748954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611643.3616272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G578482884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6061973920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62232001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6545779214","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002256,62232001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","display_name":"Huawei Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184125818","https://openalex.org/W190884830","https://openalex.org/W777621473","https://openalex.org/W1895387792","https://openalex.org/W1984041362","https://openalex.org/W2083882002","https://openalex.org/W2098337300","https://openalex.org/W2118655104","https://openalex.org/W2125343911","https://openalex.org/W2130746431","https://openalex.org/W2149598089","https://openalex.org/W2156723666","https://openalex.org/W2159933174","https://openalex.org/W2293616642","https://openalex.org/W2414287720","https://openalex.org/W2514084604","https://openalex.org/W2532737545","https://openalex.org/W2546441935","https://openalex.org/W2576158840","https://openalex.org/W2617809069","https://openalex.org/W2621980927","https://openalex.org/W2759550170","https://openalex.org/W2769453414","https://openalex.org/W2784876765","https://openalex.org/W2805913971","https://openalex.org/W2888223970","https://openalex.org/W2888307014","https://openalex.org/W2888997865","https://openalex.org/W2951165326","https://openalex.org/W2954978134","https://openalex.org/W2962425620","https://openalex.org/W2962458576","https://openalex.org/W2997653900","https://openalex.org/W3006937969","https://openalex.org/W3007855180","https://openalex.org/W3008321987","https://openalex.org/W3011222537","https://openalex.org/W3014147095","https://openalex.org/W3026203297","https://openalex.org/W3089375544","https://openalex.org/W3090756599","https://openalex.org/W3099331415","https://openalex.org/W3106007553","https://openalex.org/W3131641316","https://openalex.org/W4210395925","https://openalex.org/W4220800565","https://openalex.org/W4225359674","https://openalex.org/W4233410239","https://openalex.org/W4244688039","https://openalex.org/W4251827675","https://openalex.org/W4281613925","https://openalex.org/W4285490477","https://openalex.org/W4384154509","https://openalex.org/W4384155457","https://openalex.org/W4384302906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297908618","https://openalex.org/W2765641823","https://openalex.org/W2985048382","https://openalex.org/W2867457158","https://openalex.org/W2354385412","https://openalex.org/W3111646971","https://openalex.org/W1277328974","https://openalex.org/W3186878187","https://openalex.org/W3132910239","https://openalex.org/W2964175311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Static":[0],"analyzers":[1,27,140,172,229,258],"reason":[2],"about":[3],"the":[4,22,53,68,74,89,107,124,150,157,184,194,224],"behaviors":[5],"of":[6,21,25,55,126,152,250,269],"programs":[7,66,83,103,128,155],"without":[8],"executing":[9],"them":[10,118],"and":[11,34,46,67,113,133,180,187,233,247],"report":[12,215],"issues":[13],"when":[14],"they":[15,39],"violate":[16],"pre-defined":[17],"desirable":[18,90],"properties.":[19],"One":[20],"key":[23,96,211],"limitations":[24],"static":[26,57,78,139,171,195,228,257],"is":[28,98],"their":[29,93],"tendency":[30],"to":[31,87,117,119,204,230],"produce":[32],"inaccurate":[33,190],"incomplete":[35],"analysis":[36,71,191,214],"results,":[37],"i.e.,":[38],"often":[40,80],"generate":[41,120],"too":[42],"many":[43],"spurious":[44],"warnings":[45],"miss":[47],"important":[48],"issues.":[49],"To":[50,197],"help":[51],"enhance":[52],"reliability":[54],"a":[56,77,165],"analyzer,":[58],"developers":[59],"usually":[60],"manually":[61],"write":[62],"tests":[63],"involving":[64],"input":[65,127,147],"corresponding":[69],"expected":[70],"results":[72,192],"for":[73,159,170],"analyzers.":[75],"Meanwhile,":[76],"analyzer":[79],"includes":[81],"example":[82],"in":[84,138,193,223,266],"its":[85],"documentation":[86,112],"demonstrate":[88],"properties":[91],"and/or":[92],"violations.":[94],"Our":[95,252],"insight":[97],"that":[99,135,173,200,219,240,260],"we":[100],"can":[101,262],"reuse":[102],"extracted":[104],"either":[105],"from":[106,129],"official":[108],"test":[109,160],"suite":[110],"or":[111],"apply":[114],"semantic-preserving":[115,178],"transformations":[116,179,232],"variants.":[121],"We":[122,162],"studied":[123],"quality":[125],"these":[130,154,267],"two":[131,210],"sources":[132],"found":[134],"most":[136],"rules":[137],"are":[141,201],"covered":[142],"by":[143,227],"at":[144],"least":[145],"one":[146],"program,":[148],"implying":[149],"potential":[151],"using":[153],"as":[156],"basis":[158],"generation.":[161],"present":[163],"Statfier,":[164],"heuristic-based":[166],"automated":[167],"testing":[168],"approach":[169],"generates":[174],"program":[175,186,221,245],"variants":[176,188,199,242],"via":[177],"detects":[181],"inconsistencies":[182],"between":[183],"original":[185],"(indicate":[189],"analyzer).":[196],"select":[198],"more":[202],"likely":[203],"reveal":[205],"new":[206],"bugs,":[207],"Statfier":[208,261],"uses":[209,220],"heuristics:":[212],"(1)":[213],"guided":[216],"location":[217],"selection":[218,239],"locations":[222],"reports":[225],"produced":[226],"perform":[231],"(2)":[234],"structure":[235],"diversity":[236],"driven":[237],"variant":[238],"chooses":[241],"with":[243,254],"different":[244],"contexts":[246],"diverse":[248],"types":[249],"transformations.":[251],"experiments":[253],"five":[255],"popular":[256],"show":[259],"find":[263],"79":[264],"bugs":[265],"analyzers,":[268],"which":[270],"46":[271],"have":[272],"been":[273],"confirmed.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}