{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388184447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616242","title":"On the Relationship between Code Verifiability and Understandability","display_name":"On the Relationship between Code Verifiability and Understandability","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388184447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611643.3616242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616242","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3611643.3616242","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3611643.3616242","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107262887","display_name":"Kobi Feldman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kobi Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7139-1573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043023022","display_name":"Martin Kellogg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-2340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Kellogg","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-2340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003334072","display_name":"Oscar Chaparro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2838-685X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Chaparro","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2838-685X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107262887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2481236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"211","last_page":"223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8845300674438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.629101037979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5695611238479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.5688988566398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.5591685175895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.5194522738456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.4737085700035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4367362856864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4274539053440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3956102132797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2312544286251068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.1873280107975006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8845300674438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.629101037979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5695611238479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.5688988566398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.5591685175895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.5194522738456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.4737085700035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4367362856864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4274539053440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3956102132797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2312544286251068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.1873280107975006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611643.3616242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616242","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3611643.3616242","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2310.20160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.20160","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.20160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611643.3616242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3616242","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3611643.3616242","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388184447.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388184447.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W777621473","https://openalex.org/W814172419","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1495368328","https://openalex.org/W1496152956","https://openalex.org/W1498946538","https://openalex.org/W1541063262","https://openalex.org/W1566478231","https://openalex.org/W1963569294","https://openalex.org/W1964392593","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1973204205","https://openalex.org/W1979836908","https://openalex.org/W1985514943","https://openalex.org/W1989657183","https://openalex.org/W1990863537","https://openalex.org/W1992012690","https://openalex.org/W2014232144","https://openalex.org/W2034078727","https://openalex.org/W2040060046","https://openalex.org/W2044590882","https://openalex.org/W2047764386","https://openalex.org/W2056795330","https://openalex.org/W2068965694","https://openalex.org/W2073544895","https://openalex.org/W2075079981","https://openalex.org/W2106355420","https://openalex.org/W2115998851","https://openalex.org/W2116156538","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2126063715","https://openalex.org/W2127190390","https://openalex.org/W2127813327","https://openalex.org/W2132961058","https://openalex.org/W2138661194","https://openalex.org/W2139066039","https://openalex.org/W2139168999","https://openalex.org/W2139973221","https://openalex.org/W2144651866","https://openalex.org/W2155263925","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2159739762","https://openalex.org/W2162635569","https://openalex.org/W2163976959","https://openalex.org/W2185399867","https://openalex.org/W2297781517","https://openalex.org/W2406879113","https://openalex.org/W2464938521","https://openalex.org/W2483771058","https://openalex.org/W2594563954","https://openalex.org/W2605284977","https://openalex.org/W2726866600","https://openalex.org/W2741371834","https://openalex.org/W2741561716","https://openalex.org/W2771584655","https://openalex.org/W2833521132","https://openalex.org/W2884368433","https://openalex.org/W2884453255","https://openalex.org/W2907106817","https://openalex.org/W2915605461","https://openalex.org/W2922214032","https://openalex.org/W2941714792","https://openalex.org/W2955270324","https://openalex.org/W2963126988","https://openalex.org/W2973035781","https://openalex.org/W2990685757","https://openalex.org/W2991900764","https://openalex.org/W3006870803","https://openalex.org/W3015951847","https://openalex.org/W3042988671","https://openalex.org/W3049497371","https://openalex.org/W3085058284","https://openalex.org/W3087936928","https://openalex.org/W3090753608","https://openalex.org/W3097045170","https://openalex.org/W3103499786","https://openalex.org/W3104723315","https://openalex.org/W3112817864","https://openalex.org/W3160665893","https://openalex.org/W3161285349","https://openalex.org/W3172330082","https://openalex.org/W3179010886","https://openalex.org/W3186977283","https://openalex.org/W3195901183","https://openalex.org/W4205414202","https://openalex.org/W4229981596","https://openalex.org/W4233410239","https://openalex.org/W4233630514","https://openalex.org/W4239181501","https://openalex.org/W4247854836","https://openalex.org/W4249297534","https://openalex.org/W4253298582","https://openalex.org/W4254666025","https://openalex.org/W4256147943","https://openalex.org/W4285490437","https://openalex.org/W4297918764","https://openalex.org/W4312414609","https://openalex.org/W6683346125","https://openalex.org/W6683420750","https://openalex.org/W6762067964","https://openalex.org/W6894220086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019168903","https://openalex.org/W3006945192","https://openalex.org/W2904997879","https://openalex.org/W1976804602","https://openalex.org/W2390554102","https://openalex.org/W2909969119","https://openalex.org/W2098629748","https://openalex.org/W656101134","https://openalex.org/W3135060008","https://openalex.org/W2390085541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Proponents":[0],"of":[1,40,51,57,120],"software":[2],"verification":[3,16,46,121,132],"have":[4,135],"argued":[5],"that":[6,13,15,95,105],"simpler":[7,29],"code":[8,53,58,97,104,130,151],"is":[9,79,98],"easier":[10,100],"to":[11,101,109,127,138],"verify:":[12],"is,":[14],"tools":[17,47,122,133],"issue":[18],"fewer":[19],"false":[20],"positives":[21],"and":[22,88,118,123,140],"require":[23,144],"less":[24],"human":[25,61],"intervention":[26],"when":[27],"analyzing":[28],"code.":[30],"We":[31],"empirically":[32],"validate":[33],"this":[34],"assumption":[35],"by":[36,43],"comparing":[37],"the":[38,93,116],"number":[39],"warnings":[41],"produced":[42],"four":[44],"state-of-the-art":[45],"on":[48,70],"211":[49],"snippets":[50],"Java":[52],"with":[54],"20":[55],"metrics":[56],"comprehensibility":[59],"from":[60],"subjects":[62],"in":[63,76],"six":[64],"prior":[65],"studies.":[66],"Our":[67,111],"experiments,":[68],"based":[69],"a":[71,80],"statistical":[72],"(meta-)analysis,":[73],"show":[74],"that,":[75],"aggregate,":[77],"there":[78],"small":[81],"correlation":[82],"(r":[83],"=":[84],"0.23)":[85],"between":[86],"understandability":[87,142],"verifiability.":[89],"The":[90],"results":[91],"support":[92],"claim":[94],"easy-to-verify":[96],"often":[99],"understand":[102],"than":[103],"requires":[106],"more":[107],"effort":[108],"verify.":[110],"work":[112],"has":[113],"implications":[114],"for":[115,124],"users":[117],"designers":[119],"future":[125],"attempts":[126],"automatically":[128],"measure":[129],"comprehensibility:":[131],"may":[134,143],"ancillary":[136],"benefits":[137],"understandability,":[139],"measuring":[141],"reasoning":[145],"about":[146],"semantic,":[147],"not":[148],"just":[149],"syntactic,":[150],"properties.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
