{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389164977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3613894","title":"Test Case Generation for Drivability Requirements of an Automotive Cruise Controller: An Experience with an Industrial Simulator","display_name":"Test Case Generation for Drivability Requirements of an Automotive Cruise Controller: An Experience with an Industrial Simulator","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389164977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3613894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611643.3613894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3613894","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069902157","display_name":"Federico Formica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-7371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federico Formica","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-7371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092061371","display_name":"Nicholas Petrunti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2567-1428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Petrunti","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2567-1428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006432585","display_name":"Lucas Bruck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2167-7729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Bruck","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2167-7729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002464493","display_name":"Vera Pantelic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1696-2768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vera Pantelic","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1696-2768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087660741","display_name":"Mark Lawford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-2176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Lawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-2176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018466538","display_name":"Claudio Menghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5303-8481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Menghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy / McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5303-8481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy / McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511","https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069902157"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6246238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1949","last_page":"1960"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.7676141262054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-safety","display_name":"Functional safety","score":0.5490529537200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cruise-control","display_name":"Cruise control","score":0.5286351442337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5170903205871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-requirement","display_name":"Functional requirement","score":0.4414077401161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4350467324256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.41714975237846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3726842403411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.36437371373176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.252291202545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.247938871383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15317285060882568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.7676141262054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148493468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2646951","display_name":"Functional safety","level":2,"score":0.5490529537200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113168747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507295","display_name":"Cruise control","level":3,"score":0.5286351442337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5170903205871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62235348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264234","display_name":"Functional requirement","level":2,"score":0.4414077401161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4350467324256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.41714975237846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3726842403411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.36437371373176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.252291202545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.247938871383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15317285060882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3611643.3613894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611643.3613894","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisberg.unibg.it:10446/262250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10446/262250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196347","display_name":"Aisberg (University of Bergamo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","host_organization_name":"University of Bergamo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3615204000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2022-04622, DGECR-2022-0040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G54800691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"04622","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7104007207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGECR-2022-0040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8707758390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2022-04622","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319880","display_name":"Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/010q4q527"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498878718","https://openalex.org/W1535822174","https://openalex.org/W1569612973","https://openalex.org/W1992777946","https://openalex.org/W2012210872","https://openalex.org/W2087149600","https://openalex.org/W2092382400","https://openalex.org/W2093045842","https://openalex.org/W2110337982","https://openalex.org/W2131399618","https://openalex.org/W2154495601","https://openalex.org/W2328067583","https://openalex.org/W2483606132","https://openalex.org/W2497162265","https://openalex.org/W2551353187","https://openalex.org/W2564317698","https://openalex.org/W2791339912","https://openalex.org/W2806746626","https://openalex.org/W2883082268","https://openalex.org/W2946022574","https://openalex.org/W2966914448","https://openalex.org/W2982590812","https://openalex.org/W2990972766","https://openalex.org/W2991627542","https://openalex.org/W2993711638","https://openalex.org/W3002440596","https://openalex.org/W3002604567","https://openalex.org/W3015756534","https://openalex.org/W3025631768","https://openalex.org/W3040671048","https://openalex.org/W3089624132","https://openalex.org/W3092311360","https://openalex.org/W3094973372","https://openalex.org/W3118560795","https://openalex.org/W3133840873","https://openalex.org/W3143148979","https://openalex.org/W3153098386","https://openalex.org/W3168678903","https://openalex.org/W4225627334","https://openalex.org/W4239127116","https://openalex.org/W4244794002","https://openalex.org/W4252356254","https://openalex.org/W4284891047","https://openalex.org/W4286488146","https://openalex.org/W4292916320","https://openalex.org/W4308643157","https://openalex.org/W4308643563","https://openalex.org/W4313563251","https://openalex.org/W4313563264","https://openalex.org/W4367693670","https://openalex.org/W4367721467","https://openalex.org/W4386889431","https://openalex.org/W4392180903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214599007","https://openalex.org/W2206206066","https://openalex.org/W2557213213","https://openalex.org/W1948102893","https://openalex.org/W2212449581","https://openalex.org/W2990636847","https://openalex.org/W257063459","https://openalex.org/W1937350616","https://openalex.org/W198369518","https://openalex.org/W2916075753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automotive":[0],"software":[1,85],"development":[2],"requires":[3],"engineers":[4],"to":[5,9,30,153],"test":[6,92,157,173],"their":[7],"systems":[8],"detect":[10],"violations":[11],"of":[12,23,34,81,150,177,196,207],"both":[13],"functional":[14,58,95],"and":[15,48,96,112,185,199],"drivability":[16,67,97],"requirements.":[17,98],"Functional":[18],"requirements":[19,28,59,68],"define":[20],"the":[21,24,31,35,38,46,52,64,79,105,118,144,151,166,194,205],"functionality":[22],"automotive":[25,119],"software.":[26],"Drivability":[27],"refer":[29],"driver's":[32],"perception":[33],"interactions":[36],"with":[37,104],"vehicle;":[39],"for":[40,94,129,147,155,175],"example,":[41],"they":[42],"typically":[43],"require":[44],"limiting":[45],"acceleration":[47],"jerk":[49],"perceived":[50],"by":[51,63,137],"driver":[53],"within":[54],"given":[55],"thresholds.":[56],"While":[57],"are":[60],"extensively":[61],"considered":[62],"research":[65],"literature,":[66],"garner":[69],"less":[70],"attention.":[71],"This":[72],"industrial":[73,109],"paper":[74],"describes":[75],"our":[76,102,178,197,202],"experience":[77,103],"assessing":[78],"usefulness":[80],"an":[82,108,134],"automated":[83],"search-based":[84],"testing":[86],"(SBST)":[87],"framework":[88,146,168],"in":[89,117,127,133],"generating":[90],"failure-revealing":[91,156,172],"cases":[93,158],"We":[99,121,142,188],"report":[100],"on":[101,182,193],"VI-CarRealTime":[106],"simulator,":[107],"virtual":[110],"modeling":[111],"simulation":[113],"environment":[114],"widely":[115],"used":[116,143],"domain.":[120],"designed":[122],"a":[123,130,171],"Cruise":[124],"Control":[125],"system":[126],"Simulink":[128],"four-wheel":[131],"vehicle,":[132],"iterative":[135],"fashion,":[136],"producing":[138],"21":[139],"model":[140,152,179],"versions.":[141],"SBST":[145,167],"each":[148],"version":[149],"search":[154],"revealing":[159],"requirement":[160],"violations.":[161],"Our":[162],"results":[163,203],"show":[164],"that":[165],"successfully":[169],"identified":[170],"case":[174],"66.7%":[176],"versions,":[180],"requiring,":[181],"average,":[183],"245.9s":[184],"3.8":[186],"iterations.":[187],"present":[189],"lessons":[190],"learned,":[191],"reflect":[192],"generality":[195],"results,":[198],"discuss":[200],"how":[201],"improve":[204],"state":[206],"practice.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2023-12-01T00:00:00"}