{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379536395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591228","title":"HEaaN.MLIR: An Optimizing Compiler for Fast Ring-Based Homomorphic Encryption","display_name":"HEaaN.MLIR: An Optimizing Compiler for Fast Ring-Based Homomorphic Encryption","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379536395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591228","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591228","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591228","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021137908","display_name":"S. Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6915-4676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sunjae Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6915-4676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010754770","display_name":"Woosung Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3528-8710"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woosung Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3528-8710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063742321","display_name":"Nam SeungHyeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2094-3785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seunghyeon Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2094-3785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108058818","display_name":"Hyeongyu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1742-6852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeongyu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1742-6852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090468303","display_name":"Junbum Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7985-6163"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbum Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["CryptoLab, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7985-6163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CryptoLab, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009604611","display_name":"Juneyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-9330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juneyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-9330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021137908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3633,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84408333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"PLDI","first_page":"196","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8011428117752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.7064824104309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.6753253936767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5656481385231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.526274561882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.45051565766334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.4271582067012787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.42333394289016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3450987935066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32566529512405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1664222776889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15568199753761292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8011428117752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.7064824104309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.6753253936767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5656481385231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.526274561882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.45051565766334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4271582067012787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.42333394289016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3450987935066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32566529512405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1664222776889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15568199753761292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591228","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591228","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591228","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591228","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3950759137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-0-01047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379536395.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379536395.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004814164","https://openalex.org/W2029318567","https://openalex.org/W2048994663","https://openalex.org/W2152926062","https://openalex.org/W2245734289","https://openalex.org/W2533550660","https://openalex.org/W2537286916","https://openalex.org/W2544955103","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2808195806","https://openalex.org/W2885339274","https://openalex.org/W2890611886","https://openalex.org/W2896386683","https://openalex.org/W2897925395","https://openalex.org/W2913761579","https://openalex.org/W2942255051","https://openalex.org/W2955401130","https://openalex.org/W2969350772","https://openalex.org/W2979557494","https://openalex.org/W2987932087","https://openalex.org/W3033405216","https://openalex.org/W3033581399","https://openalex.org/W3102723029","https://openalex.org/W3122286897","https://openalex.org/W3158044478","https://openalex.org/W3169419954","https://openalex.org/W3214408283","https://openalex.org/W4205474236","https://openalex.org/W4220830361","https://openalex.org/W4221150550","https://openalex.org/W6698270547","https://openalex.org/W6894126972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539930818","https://openalex.org/W4390664647","https://openalex.org/W3012147850","https://openalex.org/W3096456556","https://openalex.org/W4240253816","https://openalex.org/W4313300189","https://openalex.org/W2949835517","https://openalex.org/W2601739120","https://openalex.org/W4256358502","https://openalex.org/W2625655658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Homomorphic":[0],"encryption":[1,5,22],"(HE)":[2],"is":[3,52,78],"an":[4,21,85],"scheme":[6,23],"that":[7,24,109,139,145,187],"provides":[8],"arithmetic":[9,26,128,131,153,160],"operations":[10,27,40,68,83,190],"on":[11,28,132],"the":[12,55,169,188],"encrypted":[13],"data":[14],"without":[15],"doing":[16],"decryption.":[17],"For":[18],"Ring-based":[19],"HE,":[20],"uses":[25],"a":[29,107,165,176,182,204],"polynomial":[30,58,67,73,113,127],"ring":[31],"as":[32,70],"building":[33,56],"blocks,":[34,57],"performance":[35],"improvement":[36],"of":[37,47,168],"unit":[38],"HE":[39,82,146,197],"has":[41,136],"been":[42],"achieved":[43],"by":[44,142,199],"two":[45,72],"kinds":[46],"efforts.":[48],"The":[49,75,88],"first":[50],"one":[51,77],"through":[53],"accelerating":[54],"operations.":[59,74,114],"However,":[60],"it":[61],"does":[62],"not":[63],"facilitate":[64],"optimizations":[65,111,138,144],"across":[66,112],"such":[69],"fusing":[71,155],"second":[76],"implementing":[79],"highly":[80],"optimized":[81,193],"in":[84,203,209],"amalgamated":[86],"manner.":[87],"written":[89],"codes":[90],"have":[91],"superior":[92],"performance,":[93],"but":[94],"they":[95],"are":[96,140],"hard":[97],"to":[98,201],"maintain.":[99],"To":[100],"resolve":[101],"these":[102],"challenges,":[103],"we":[104,116],"propose":[105,117],"HEaaN.MLIR,":[106],"compiler":[108,121,137],"performs":[110],"Also,":[115],"Poly":[118,170],"and":[119,129,157,171,174,195,207],"ModArith,":[120],"intermediate":[122],"representations":[123],"(IRs)":[124],"for":[125,181],"integer":[126,133,159],"modulus":[130],"arrays.":[134],"HEaaN.MLIR":[135,162],"motivated":[141],"manual":[143],"developers":[147],"do.":[148],"These":[149],"include":[150],"optimizing":[151],"modular":[152],"operations,":[154],"loops,":[156],"vectorizing":[158],"instructions.":[161],"can":[163],"parse":[164],"program":[166],"consisting":[167],"ModArith":[172],"instructions":[173],"generate":[175],"high-performance,":[177],"multithreaded":[178],"machine":[179],"code":[180],"CPU.":[183],"Our":[184],"experiment":[185],"shows":[186],"compiled":[189],"outperform":[191],"heavily":[192],"open-source":[194],"commercial":[196],"libraries":[198],"up":[200],"3.06x":[202],"single":[205],"thread":[206],"4.55x":[208],"multiple":[210],"threads.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
