{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386510775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587716.3587758","title":"Surrogate Deep Learning to Estimate Uncertainties for Driver Intention Recognition","display_name":"Surrogate Deep Learning to Estimate Uncertainties for Driver Intention Recognition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386510775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587716.3587758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3587716.3587758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3587716.3587758","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 15th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://his.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1775537/FULLTEXT03","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016391896","display_name":"Koen Vellenga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2135-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","display_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","ror":"https://ror.org/051mrsz47","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Koen Vellenga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sk\u00f6vde Artificial Intelligence Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden and R&D Analytics & AI CoE, Volvo Car Corporation, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2135-6615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sk\u00f6vde Artificial Intelligence Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden and R&D Analytics & AI CoE, Volvo Car Corporation, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640","https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004078797","display_name":"Alexander Karlsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-3112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","display_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","ror":"https://ror.org/051mrsz47","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Karlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sk\u00f6vde Artificial Intelligence Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-3112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sk\u00f6vde Artificial Intelligence Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010972507","display_name":"H. Joe Steinhauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-4123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","display_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","ror":"https://ror.org/051mrsz47","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Joe Steinhauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sk\u00f6vde Artificial Intelligence Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-4123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sk\u00f6vde Artificial Intelligence Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010167042","display_name":"G\u00f6ran Falkman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8884-2154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","display_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","ror":"https://ror.org/051mrsz47","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00f6ran Falkman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sk\u00f6vde Artificial Intelligence Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8884-2154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sk\u00f6vde Artificial Intelligence Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112996171","display_name":"Anders Sj\u00f6gren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders Sjogren","raw_affiliation_strings":["R&D Analytics & AI CoE, Volvo Car Corporation, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-7063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R&D Analytics & AI CoE, Volvo Car Corporation, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016391896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I205158640"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40048133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6453812122344971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5203689932823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5046402215957642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6453812122344971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5203689932823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5046402215957642}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3587716.3587758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3587716.3587758","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 15th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:his-22851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-22851","pdf_url":"https://his.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1775537/FULLTEXT03","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401029","display_name":"University Library of Sk\u00f6vde (University of Sk\u00f6vde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","host_organization_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:his-22851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-22851","pdf_url":"https://his.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1775537/FULLTEXT03","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401029","display_name":"University Library of Sk\u00f6vde (University of Sk\u00f6vde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","host_organization_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3885364043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-05012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386510775.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593532658","https://openalex.org/W1642484441","https://openalex.org/W2014538668","https://openalex.org/W2025720061","https://openalex.org/W2037662824","https://openalex.org/W2041282815","https://openalex.org/W2489154332","https://openalex.org/W2566079294","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2908541468","https://openalex.org/W2912168444","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2948194985","https://openalex.org/W2962752734","https://openalex.org/W2965563166","https://openalex.org/W2971130081","https://openalex.org/W3010922435","https://openalex.org/W3019688365","https://openalex.org/W3033700965","https://openalex.org/W3082897186","https://openalex.org/W3136608531","https://openalex.org/W3171029090","https://openalex.org/W3175576298","https://openalex.org/W3209828932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W2939353110","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-world":[0],"applications":[1],"of":[2,136],"artificial":[3],"intelligence":[4],"that":[5,91],"can":[6,46,84],"potentially":[7],"harm":[8],"human":[9],"beings":[10],"should":[11],"be":[12],"able":[13],"to":[14],"express":[15],"uncertainty":[16,50,87,132,141],"about":[17],"the":[18,61,86,113,127],"made":[19],"predictions.":[20,146],"Probabilistic":[21],"deep":[22,44],"learning":[23],"(DL)":[24],"methods":[25,64,95],"(e.g.,":[26],"variational":[27],"inference":[28],"[VI],":[29],"VI":[30,131],"last":[31],"layer":[32],"[VI-LL],":[33],"Monte-Carlo":[34],"[MC]":[35],"dropout,":[36],"stochastic":[37],"weight":[38],"averaging":[39],"-":[40],"Gaussian":[41],"[SWA-G],":[42],"and":[43,78,130],"ensembles)":[45],"produce":[47],"a":[48,80,138],"predictive":[49],"but":[51,107,118],"require":[52],"expensive":[53],"MC":[54,128],"sampling":[55],"techniques.":[56],"Therefore,":[57],"we":[58],"evaluated":[59],"if":[60,79],"probabilistic":[62,93],"DL":[63,82,94,123],"are":[65,96,109,115],"uncertain":[66,99],"when":[67,100,143],"making":[68,101,144],"incorrect":[69,102,145],"predictions":[70,103],"for":[71],"an":[72],"open-source":[73],"driver":[74],"intention":[75],"recognition":[76],"dataset":[77],"surrogate":[81,122],"model":[83],"reproduce":[85],"estimates.":[88],"We":[89],"found":[90],"all":[92],"significantly":[97,139],"more":[98],"at":[104],"test":[105],"time,":[106],"there":[108],"still":[110],"instances":[111],"where":[112],"models":[114,124],"very":[116],"certain":[117],"completely":[119],"incorrect.":[120],"The":[121],"trained":[125],"on":[126],"dropout":[129],"estimates":[133],"were":[134],"capable":[135],"reproducing":[137],"higher":[140],"estimate":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}