{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293825069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3556787.3556861","title":"Gender-dependent Contribution, Code and Creativity in a Virtual Programming Course","display_name":"Gender-dependent Contribution, Code and Creativity in a Virtual Programming Course","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293825069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3556787.3556861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3556787.3556861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3556787.3556861","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.13447","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046178594","display_name":"Isabella Gra\u00dfl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-7737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186354981","display_name":"University of Passau","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydjnb78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isabella Gra\u00dfl","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Passau, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Passau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079261847","display_name":"Gordon Fraser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-6595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186354981","display_name":"University of Passau","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydjnb78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Fraser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Passau, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Passau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046178594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88088185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9527000188827515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity","display_name":"Creativity","score":0.7749403715133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.6658416390419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5572343468666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5319820642471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-course","display_name":"Online course","score":0.5156199336051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.5104278922080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning","display_name":"Online learning","score":0.41935718059539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.411255419254303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4070776402950287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.299660325050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.26491236686706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13012805581092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11417707800865173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.7749403715133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.6658416390419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5572343468666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5319820642471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986081426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Online course","level":2,"score":0.5156199336051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.5104278922080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.41935718059539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.411255419254303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4070776402950287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.299660325050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.26491236686706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13012805581092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11417707800865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3556787.3556861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3556787.3556861","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.13447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.13447","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.13447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.13447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.13447","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.13447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W290185713","https://openalex.org/W1818016653","https://openalex.org/W1977884443","https://openalex.org/W1979299671","https://openalex.org/W1985342906","https://openalex.org/W1986663087","https://openalex.org/W1989242956","https://openalex.org/W1994213286","https://openalex.org/W2016226370","https://openalex.org/W2028769051","https://openalex.org/W2030768171","https://openalex.org/W2030861192","https://openalex.org/W2052492788","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2091508823","https://openalex.org/W2104413675","https://openalex.org/W2106705275","https://openalex.org/W2149759799","https://openalex.org/W2337187724","https://openalex.org/W2400507126","https://openalex.org/W2478645918","https://openalex.org/W2521678052","https://openalex.org/W2548714592","https://openalex.org/W2588135492","https://openalex.org/W2591790144","https://openalex.org/W2616605651","https://openalex.org/W2728043297","https://openalex.org/W2753733789","https://openalex.org/W2767967589","https://openalex.org/W2768040674","https://openalex.org/W2917404356","https://openalex.org/W2980778608","https://openalex.org/W3001288899","https://openalex.org/W3103433671","https://openalex.org/W3132452940","https://openalex.org/W3163081068","https://openalex.org/W3207211531","https://openalex.org/W3212194258","https://openalex.org/W4240462740","https://openalex.org/W4244075993","https://openalex.org/W4255727476","https://openalex.org/W4292808503","https://openalex.org/W6610420650","https://openalex.org/W6791602355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091648021","https://openalex.org/W4230431923","https://openalex.org/W2952622176","https://openalex.org/W1532638840","https://openalex.org/W2317849288","https://openalex.org/W1964092863","https://openalex.org/W1594490194","https://openalex.org/W4252800746","https://openalex.org/W2617103710","https://openalex.org/W4390476759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"computer":[1],"science":[2],"is":[3,70,206],"still":[4],"mainly":[5],"male":[6],"dominated,":[7],"academia,":[8],"industry":[9],"and":[10,17,122,144,178,205],"education":[11],"jointly":[12],"seek":[13],"ways":[14],"to":[15,25,40,42,81,112,165,181,184,211],"motivate":[16],"inspire":[18],"girls,":[19],"for":[20,57,99],"example":[21,58],"by":[22,126],"introducing":[23],"them":[24],"programming":[26,51,77,97,198],"at":[27],"an":[28,43,94,191],"early":[29],"age.":[30],"The":[31],"recent":[32],"COVID-19":[33],"pandemic":[34],"has":[35],"forced":[36],"many":[37],"such":[38],"endeavours":[39],"move":[41],"online":[44,76,90,95,158,192],"setting.":[45],"While":[46],"the":[47,105,118,123,149,195],"gender-dependent":[48,167],"differences":[49,74,85,134],"in":[50,65,75,89,101,139,175,190],"courses":[52,159,217],"have":[53],"been":[54],"studied":[55],"previously,":[56],"revealing":[59],"that":[60,157,209],"girls":[61,137,145,177],"may":[62,202],"feel":[63],"safer":[64],"same-sex":[66],"groups,":[67,143],"much":[68],"less":[69],"known":[71],"about":[72],"gender-specific":[73,84,106],"courses.":[78],"In":[79],"order":[80],"investigate":[82],"whether":[83,216],"can":[86,160],"be":[87,161,212],"observed":[88,104,131],"courses,":[91],"we":[92,103,130],"conducted":[93],"introductory":[96],"course":[98,150],"Scratch,":[100],"which":[102],"characteristics":[107],"of":[108,197,215],"participants":[109],"with":[110,148],"respect":[111],"how":[113,136],"they":[114,120],"interact,":[115],"their":[116,127],"enjoyment,":[117],"code":[119],"produce,":[121],"creativity":[124],"exposed":[125],"programs.":[128],"Overall,":[129],"no":[132],"significant":[133],"between":[135],"participated":[138],"all-female":[140],"vs.":[141],"mixed":[142],"generally":[146],"engaged":[147],"more":[151],"actively":[152],"than":[153],"boys.":[154],"This":[155,201],"suggests":[156],"a":[162,207],"useful":[163],"means":[164],"avoid":[166],"group":[168],"dynamics.":[169],"However,":[170],"when":[171],"encouraging":[172],"creative":[173],"freedom":[174],"programming,":[176],"boys":[179],"seem":[180],"fall":[182],"back":[183],"socially":[185],"inherited":[186],"stereotypical":[187],"behavior":[188],"also":[189],"setting,":[193],"influencing":[194],"choice":[196],"concepts":[199],"applied.":[200],"inhibit":[203],"learning":[204],"challenge":[208],"needs":[210],"addressed":[213],"independently":[214],"are":[218],"held":[219],"online.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}