{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281764247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531072.3535319","title":"Analyzing Student SQL Solutions via Hierarchical Clustering and Sequence Alignment Scores","display_name":"Analyzing Student SQL Solutions via Hierarchical Clustering and Sequence Alignment Scores","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281764247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531072.3535319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531072.3535319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531072.3535319","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531072.3535319","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1st International Workshop on Data Systems Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531072.3535319","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022587958","display_name":"Sophia Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-4851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038676484","display_name":"Geoffrey Herman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-2295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey L. Herman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014235464","display_name":"Abdussalam Alawini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-7190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdussalam Alawini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5053,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93528734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"10","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7539089322090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6608543395996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.6370018720626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.6135599613189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.5008130073547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3820072412490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.29324162006378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28470611572265625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7539089322090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6608543395996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6370018720626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.6135599613189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.5008130073547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3820072412490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.29324162006378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28470611572265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531072.3535319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531072.3535319","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531072.3535319","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1st International Workshop on Data Systems Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3531072.3535319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531072.3535319","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531072.3535319","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1st International Workshop on Data Systems Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7066688587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281764247.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281764247.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2071100465","https://openalex.org/W2074231493","https://openalex.org/W2158703410","https://openalex.org/W2914540756","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3172255581","https://openalex.org/W4231410305","https://openalex.org/W4316094799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W4310225030","https://openalex.org/W2090259340","https://openalex.org/W1926736923","https://openalex.org/W2393816671","https://openalex.org/W2158836806","https://openalex.org/W2083665254","https://openalex.org/W3200375535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Structured":[0],"Query":[1],"Language":[2],"(SQL),":[3],"the":[4,63,89,94,106,117,160,169,173,215],"de":[5],"facto":[6],"standard":[7],"language":[8],"for":[9,20,40,214],"relational":[10],"database":[11],"systems":[12],"management,":[13],"proves":[14],"to":[15,42,52,60,88,99,128,152,158,182,193,206],"be":[16],"a":[17,21,46,154,183],"vital":[18],"skill":[19,47],"wide":[22],"array":[23],"of":[24,67,93,108,162],"users,":[25],"developers,":[26],"and":[27,49,65,102,124,136,198],"researchers":[28],"who":[29],"interact":[30],"with":[31,190],"databases.":[32],"Given":[33],"that":[34],"there":[35,138],"are":[36],"many":[37],"diverse":[38],"ways":[39],"people":[41],"acquire":[43],"SQL":[44,56,72,86,212,221],"as":[45,73],"set,":[48],"various":[50],"methods":[51],"write":[53],"semantically":[54],"equivalent":[55],"queries,":[57],"this":[58,81],"presents":[59],"us":[61],"both":[62],"challenge":[64],"opportunity":[66],"understanding":[68],"how":[69,130],"students":[70,104,131,167,218],"learn":[71,220],"they":[74],"work":[75],"on":[76],"homework":[77,90,184],"assignment":[78,91],"questions.":[79],"In":[80],"paper,":[82],"we":[83,115],"analyze":[84],"students\u2019":[85,179],"submissions":[87],"problems":[92],"Database":[95],"Systems":[96],"course":[97],"available":[98],"upper-level":[100],"undergraduate":[101],"graduate":[103],"at":[105,110,203],"University":[107],"Illinois":[109],"Urbana-Champaign.":[111],"For":[112],"each":[113],"student,":[114],"compute":[116,172],"sequence":[118],"alignment":[119],"scores":[120],"between":[121],"every":[122],"submission":[123,127],"their":[125,133,143,208],"final":[126,134,180],"understand":[129],"reached":[132],"solution,":[135],"whether":[137],"were":[139],"any":[140],"obstacles":[141],"in":[142,168,210],"learning":[144,196],"process.":[145],"We":[146,171],"also":[147],"utilize":[148],"hierarchical":[149],"clustering":[150],"techniques":[151],"create":[153],"class-wide":[155],"aggregate":[156],"view":[157],"determine":[159],"number":[161],"different":[163],"approaches":[164],"used":[165],"by":[166],"course.":[170],"resulting":[174],"dendrogram":[175],"visualization":[176],"based":[177],"upon":[178],"attempt":[181],"problem.":[185],"Our":[186],"system":[187],"enables":[188],"instructors":[189,205],"more":[191,222],"visibility":[192],"identify":[194],"interesting":[195],"patterns":[197],"approaches.":[199],"These":[200],"findings":[201],"aim":[202],"supporting":[204],"target":[207],"instruction":[209],"difficult":[211],"areas":[213],"future":[216],"so":[217],"may":[219],"effectively.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
