{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283277187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3529836.3529839","title":"Lucas-Kanade-based Face Detection Network: An Unsupervised Approach to Improve the Precision and Stability of video-based Face Detector","display_name":"Lucas-Kanade-based Face Detection Network: An Unsupervised Approach to Improve the Precision and Stability of video-based Face Detector","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283277187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3529836.3529839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3529836.3529839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3529836.3529839","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 14th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing (ICMLC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115588493","display_name":"Changyan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5908-4708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changyan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059075050","display_name":"Shuai Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-2918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Zhongshan Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Zhongshan Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035833596","display_name":"Kun Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6481-5458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Zhongshan Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Zhongshan Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653588","display_name":"Wensheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-3156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wensheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Zhongshan Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Zhongshan Institute,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115588493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04830504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"519","last_page":"525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7677536010742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.6756632328033447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6702370047569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6650592088699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6413809061050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.5479075312614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.520606279373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4998445510864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44829607009887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.3787821829319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2764556407928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.26682063937187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18026188015937805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7677536010742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.6756632328033447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6702370047569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6650592088699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6413809061050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.5479075312614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.520606279373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4998445510864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44829607009887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.3787821829319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2764556407928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26682063937187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18026188015937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3529836.3529839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3529836.3529839","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 14th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing (ICMLC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7746136","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2015861736","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2183182206","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2534068475","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2798730128","https://openalex.org/W2903382683","https://openalex.org/W2909877867","https://openalex.org/W2910400107","https://openalex.org/W2943235166","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963307811","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963856926","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3132255760","https://openalex.org/W3183886660","https://openalex.org/W4200333562","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6641017118","https://openalex.org/W6730267373","https://openalex.org/W6735463952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967587236","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W2151699605","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W2133653344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Though":[0],"significant":[1],"works":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"made":[5],"in":[6,67,85,141,152,175,220,238],"image-based":[7],"face":[8,14,35,48,52,166],"detection,":[9],"precise":[10,162],"and":[11,80,108,145,163,193,200],"stable":[12,164],"video-based":[13,165],"detection":[15,53,240],"remains":[16],"a":[17,86,104,123,160],"big":[18],"challenge.":[19],"What's":[20],"more,":[21],"the":[22,32,61,64,81,98,118,128,131,142,153,169,176,186,197,212,228,236,242,253,257,269,272],"jittering":[23,237],"of":[24,34,63,100,106,157,171,203,259,271],"bounding":[25],"boxes":[26],"has":[27],"an":[28,45],"important":[29],"impact":[30],"on":[31,196,241],"stability":[33,260],"attributes":[36],"analysis.":[37],"To":[38],"address":[39],"these":[40],"issues,":[41],"this":[42],"paper":[43],"presents":[44],"unsupervised":[46],"single-stage":[47],"detector,":[49],"named":[50],"Lucas-Kanade-based":[51],"network":[54],"(LK-FDN).":[55],"Our":[56],"key":[57],"idea":[58],"is":[59,103,134,159,225,261],"that":[60,148],"detections":[62],"same":[65],"landmark":[66],"adjacent":[68],"frames":[69],"should":[70],"be":[71,110],"coherent":[72],"with":[73,122,182,208],"optical":[74,82,101,138],"flow":[75,83,102,139],"registration.":[76],"By":[77],"combining":[78],"RetinaFace":[79],"algorithm":[84],"multi-task":[87],"learning":[88],"framework,":[89],"LK-FDN":[90,116,158,172,184,210,233],"does":[91],"not":[92],"require":[93],"any":[94,216,247],"video-level":[95,248],"annotation,":[96],"because":[97,223],"coherency":[99,151],"source":[105],"supervision":[107],"can":[109],"leveraged":[111],"during":[112,227],"detector":[113],"training.":[114],"Essentially,":[115],"augments":[117],"training":[119],"loss":[120],"function":[121],"registration":[124,129,140],"loss.":[125],"Supervised":[126],"by":[127,190],"loss,":[130],"retraining":[132,229],"process":[133],"conducted,":[135],"which":[136,267],"computes":[137],"forward":[143],"pass,":[144],"back-propagates":[146],"gradients":[147],"ensure":[149],"temporal":[150],"detector.":[154,167],"The":[155],"output":[156],"more":[161],"Specifically,":[168],"advantages":[170],"are":[173],"summarized":[174],"following":[177],"three":[178],"aspects:":[179],"(1)":[180],"Compared":[181,207],"RetinaFace(baseline),":[183],"improves":[185,211],"average":[187],"precision":[188,213],"(AP)":[189],"0.43%,":[191],"0.23%,":[192],"4.1%":[194],"respectively":[195],"easy,":[198],"medium,":[199],"hard":[201],"group":[202],"WIDER":[204],"FACE.":[205],"(2)":[206],"RetinaFace,":[209],"without":[214,246],"spending":[215],"extra":[217],"inference":[218],"time":[219],"test":[221],"time,":[222],"LK":[224],"conducted":[226],"backward":[230],"process.":[231],"(3)":[232],"significantly":[234],"shrinks":[235],"video":[239],"self-built":[243,254],"ElevatorFace":[244],"dataset":[245],"annotation.":[249],"(4)":[250],"According":[251],"to":[252,265],"evaluation":[255],"criterion,":[256],"score":[258],"improved":[262],"from":[263],"88.409":[264],"97.119,":[266],"verifies":[268],"effectiveness":[270],"LK-FDN.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}