{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281728207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3520133","title":"Synaptic Activity and Hardware Footprint of Spiking Neural Networks in Digital Neuromorphic Systems","display_name":"Synaptic Activity and Hardware Footprint of Spiking Neural Networks in Digital Neuromorphic Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281728207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3520133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3520133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3520133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035155914","display_name":"Edgar Lemaire","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Lemaire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Research & Technology, France and LEAT, University Cote d\u2019Azur, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Research & Technology, France and LEAT, University Cote d\u2019Azur, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080472332","display_name":"Beno\u00eet Miramond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-7046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095736","display_name":"Laboratoire d'\u00c9lectronique, Antennes et T\u00e9l\u00e9communications","ror":"https://ror.org/00ah32k04","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210095736","https://openalex.org/I4210095849"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beno\u00eet Miramond","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEAT, University Cote d\u2019Azur, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEAT, University Cote d\u2019Azur, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036919365","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Bilavarn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7492-6936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095736","display_name":"Laboratoire d'\u00c9lectronique, Antennes et T\u00e9l\u00e9communications","ror":"https://ror.org/00ah32k04","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210095736","https://openalex.org/I4210095849"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien Bilavarn","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEAT, University Cote d\u2019Azur, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEAT, University Cote d\u2019Azur, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039839401","display_name":"Hadi Saoud","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801356230","display_name":"Thales (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7vya03","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801356230","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["AU","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Saoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Research Technology, France","Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau] (1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau cedex - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Research Technology, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930","https://openalex.org/I2801356230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau] (1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058666219","display_name":"Nassim Abderrahmane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-0417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095736","display_name":"Laboratoire d'\u00c9lectronique, Antennes et T\u00e9l\u00e9communications","ror":"https://ror.org/00ah32k04","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210095736","https://openalex.org/I4210095849"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nassim Abderrahmane","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEAT, University Cote d\u2019Azur, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEAT, University Cote d\u2019Azur, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095736"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035155914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.922,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72641862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.7789701223373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7587460279464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.7205222845077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6306513547897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6247662901878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.5278494358062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.47870635986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.46365341544151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4635753929615021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4541763961315155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4525914490222931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.4472356140613556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3917587995529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3804624080657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3590346574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09958016872406006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.7789701223373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7587460279464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.7205222845077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6306513547897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6247662901878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.5278494358062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.47870635986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.46365341544151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4635753929615021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4541763961315155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4525914490222931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.4472356140613556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3917587995529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3804624080657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3590346574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09958016872406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3520133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3520133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03593593v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03593593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3520133","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186834029","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1976990135","https://openalex.org/W2020096355","https://openalex.org/W2020676607","https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2072851333","https://openalex.org/W2076964542","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2127388521","https://openalex.org/W2162003043","https://openalex.org/W2190490644","https://openalex.org/W2393696765","https://openalex.org/W2554166257","https://openalex.org/W2596796514","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2789360642","https://openalex.org/W2792643794","https://openalex.org/W2792806930","https://openalex.org/W2797583228","https://openalex.org/W2798878556","https://openalex.org/W2896895627","https://openalex.org/W2963322427","https://openalex.org/W2964338223","https://openalex.org/W2975103258","https://openalex.org/W2977501091","https://openalex.org/W2984844508","https://openalex.org/W2989431475","https://openalex.org/W3002698229","https://openalex.org/W3038819247","https://openalex.org/W3097140984","https://openalex.org/W3111474787","https://openalex.org/W3121127024","https://openalex.org/W3124546450","https://openalex.org/W3147709328","https://openalex.org/W4241365061","https://openalex.org/W4393681634","https://openalex.org/W7027401133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089892344","https://openalex.org/W4386227293","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4372267706","https://openalex.org/W2885510266","https://openalex.org/W4288055417","https://openalex.org/W2960220682","https://openalex.org/W4205804651","https://openalex.org/W4287758233","https://openalex.org/W3136467750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spiking":[0,77],"neural":[1,125,168],"networks":[2],"are":[3],"expected":[4,71],"to":[5,13,68,98,155,165,181],"bring":[6],"high":[7],"resources,":[8,115],"power,":[9],"and":[10,106,120,140,147,190],"energy":[11,54,72,121,170,191],"efficiency":[12,46,55,73,171],"machine":[14],"learning":[15],"hardware":[16,88,127],"implementations.":[17,195],"In":[18,59],"this":[19,60],"regard,":[20],"they":[21],"could":[22],"facilitate":[23],"the":[24,51,70,157,160,174,182],"integration":[25],"of":[26,82,101,159],"Artificial":[27],"Intelligence":[28],"in":[29,38,50,193],"highly":[30],"constrained":[31],"embedded":[32],"systems,":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35],"image":[36],"classification":[37,102],"drones":[39],"or":[40],"satellites.":[41],"If":[42],"their":[43,53],"logic":[44,114],"resource":[45],"is":[47,66,96,122,153,203],"widely":[48],"accepted":[49],"literature,":[52],"still":[56],"remains":[57],"debated.":[58],"article,":[61],"a":[62,99,110,204],"novel":[63],"high-level":[64,111],"metric":[65,95,164],"used":[67,154],"characterize":[69,166],"gain":[74,172],"when":[75,213],"using":[76],"Neural":[78,84],"Networks":[79,85],"(SNN)":[80],"instead":[81],"Formal":[83],"(FNN)":[86],"for":[87,113,124,144],"implementation:":[89],"Synaptic":[90,161],"Activity":[91,162],"Ratio":[92,163],"(SAR).":[93],"This":[94,151,178,196],"applied":[97],"selection":[100],"tasks":[103],"including":[104],"images":[105],"1D":[107],"signals.":[108],"Moreover,":[109],"estimator":[112,152],"power":[116,189],"usage,":[117],"execution":[118],"time,":[119],"introduced":[123],"network":[126,169],"implementations":[128],"on":[129,132,173],"FPGA,":[130],"based":[131],"four":[133],"existing":[134],"accelerator":[135],"architectures":[136],"covering":[137],"both":[138,145],"sequential":[139,194],"parallel":[141],"implementation":[142],"paradigms":[143],"spiking":[146,167,185],"formal":[148],"coding":[149],"domains.":[150],"evaluate":[156],"reliability":[158],"proposed":[175],"dataset":[176],"benchmark.":[177],"study":[179,197],"led":[180],"conclusion":[183],"that":[184,200,207],"domain":[186],"offers":[187],"significant":[188],"savings":[192],"also":[198],"shows":[199],"synaptic":[201],"activity":[202],"critical":[205],"factor":[206],"must":[208],"be":[209],"taken":[210],"into":[211],"account":[212],"addressing":[214],"low-energy":[215],"systems.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}