{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312121058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508352.3549425","title":"Evaluating the Security of eFPGA-Based Redaction Algorithms","display_name":"Evaluating the Security of eFPGA-Based Redaction Algorithms","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312121058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508352.3549425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3508352.3549425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508352.3549425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608844","display_name":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013526466","display_name":"Amin Rezaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-3642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59897056","display_name":"California State University, Long Beach","ror":"https://ror.org/0080fxk18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amin Rezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University Long Beach"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University Long Beach","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013389284","display_name":"Raheel Afsharmazayejani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raheel Afsharmazayejani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060584667","display_name":"Jordan Maynard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59897056","display_name":"California State University, Long Beach","ror":"https://ror.org/0080fxk18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan Maynard","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University Long Beach"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University Long Beach","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013526466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92719919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8209574818611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redaction","display_name":"Redaction","score":0.7861529588699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitstream","display_name":"Bitstream","score":0.6521745920181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5454098582267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.49919819831848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4763931632041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.4650012254714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3734624683856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3333616256713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.29685449600219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2600019574165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22948884963989258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8209574818611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776795254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q561071","display_name":"Redaction","level":2,"score":0.7861529588699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.6521745920181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5454098582267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.49919819831848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4763931632041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.4650012254714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3734624683856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3333616256713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.29685449600219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2600019574165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22948884963989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3508352.3549425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508352.3549425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608844","display_name":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2067276029","https://openalex.org/W2113557950","https://openalex.org/W2140904634","https://openalex.org/W2419784917","https://openalex.org/W2499445168","https://openalex.org/W2615010670","https://openalex.org/W2616454726","https://openalex.org/W2708742051","https://openalex.org/W2741711485","https://openalex.org/W2747980214","https://openalex.org/W2772235844","https://openalex.org/W2782827709","https://openalex.org/W2791567389","https://openalex.org/W2792444185","https://openalex.org/W2798540755","https://openalex.org/W2798554995","https://openalex.org/W2902639362","https://openalex.org/W2909895117","https://openalex.org/W2910639741","https://openalex.org/W2920234098","https://openalex.org/W2928969033","https://openalex.org/W2940549145","https://openalex.org/W2946336531","https://openalex.org/W2949654353","https://openalex.org/W2950285720","https://openalex.org/W2952980742","https://openalex.org/W2963001922","https://openalex.org/W2974457503","https://openalex.org/W2994835901","https://openalex.org/W2996815821","https://openalex.org/W2997659421","https://openalex.org/W2998291624","https://openalex.org/W3002973505","https://openalex.org/W3003969100","https://openalex.org/W3106433382","https://openalex.org/W3117845485","https://openalex.org/W3123125518","https://openalex.org/W3135042431","https://openalex.org/W3184689295","https://openalex.org/W3185796466","https://openalex.org/W3186792530","https://openalex.org/W3207940480","https://openalex.org/W3208769178","https://openalex.org/W3211638344","https://openalex.org/W3212151081","https://openalex.org/W3212978613","https://openalex.org/W4205241157","https://openalex.org/W4210684805","https://openalex.org/W4231363479","https://openalex.org/W4241615935","https://openalex.org/W4246305008","https://openalex.org/W4254690223","https://openalex.org/W4281676054","https://openalex.org/W6667365471","https://openalex.org/W6680900030","https://openalex.org/W6717490402","https://openalex.org/W6724703443","https://openalex.org/W6746284990","https://openalex.org/W6750716875","https://openalex.org/W6804001627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319430423","https://openalex.org/W4390224957","https://openalex.org/W4323831234","https://openalex.org/W2544043553","https://openalex.org/W4311839959","https://openalex.org/W1982685694","https://openalex.org/W49599899","https://openalex.org/W2121309702","https://openalex.org/W3217774925","https://openalex.org/W2040087757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware":[0],"IP":[1,73],"owners":[2],"must":[3],"envision":[4],"procedures":[5],"to":[6,22,48,70,143,195,207],"avoid":[7],"piracy":[8],"and":[9,43,127,133,164],"overproduction":[10],"of":[11,84,147,161,201],"their":[12],"designs":[13],"under":[14],"a":[15,27,36,65,91,119,131,153],"fabless":[16],"paradigm.":[17],"A":[18],"newly":[19],"proposed":[20],"technique":[21],"obfuscate":[23],"critical":[24],"components":[25],"in":[26,118,152],"logic":[28],"design":[29],"is":[30,46,141,178,185,205],"called":[31,136],"eFPGA-based":[32,87,97,149,176,209],"redaction,":[33],"which":[34],"replaces":[35],"sensitive":[37],"sub-circuit":[38],"with":[39,158],"an":[40,101,198],"embedded":[41],"FPGA,":[42],"the":[44,50,54,60,71,81,85,145,159,172],"eFPGA":[45],"configured":[47],"perform":[49],"same":[51],"functionality":[52],"as":[53,64,90],"missing":[55],"sub-circuit.":[56],"In":[57,75],"this":[58,76],"case,":[59],"configuration":[61],"bitstream":[62,146],"acts":[63],"hidden":[66],"key":[67],"only":[68],"known":[69],"hardware":[72],"owner.":[74],"paper,":[77],"we":[78,95,129],"first":[79],"evaluate":[80],"security":[82],"promise":[83],"existing":[86],"redaction":[88,98,150,177,210],"algorithms":[89],"preliminary":[92],"study.":[93],"Then,":[94],"break":[96],"schemes":[99,151],"by":[100,123,179],"initial":[102],"but":[103],"not":[104],"necessarily":[105],"efficient":[106],"attack":[107,135],"named":[108],"DIP":[109],"Exclusion":[110],"that":[111,140,171,175,190],"excludes":[112],"problematic":[113],"input":[114],"patterns":[115],"from":[116],"checking":[117],"brute-force":[120],"manner.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"combining":[124],"cycle":[125],"breaking":[126],"unrolling,":[128],"propose":[130],"novel":[132],"powerful":[134],"Break":[137],"&":[138],"Unroll":[139],"able":[142],"recover":[144],"state-of-the-art":[148],"relatively":[154],"short":[155],"time":[156],"even":[157],"existence":[160],"hard":[162,203],"cycles":[163,204],"large":[165],"size":[166],"keys.":[167],"This":[168],"study":[169],"reveals":[170],"common":[173],"perception":[174],"default":[180],"secure":[181,208],"against":[182],"oracle-guided":[183],"attacks,":[184],"prejudice.":[186],"It":[187],"also":[188],"shows":[189],"additional":[191],"research":[192],"on":[193],"how":[194],"systematically":[196],"create":[197],"exponential":[199],"number":[200],"non-combinational":[202],"required":[206],"schemes.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
