{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214753036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503222.3507731","title":"TMO: transparent memory offloading in datacenters","display_name":"TMO: transparent memory offloading in datacenters","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214753036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503222.3507731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503222.3507731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503222.3507731","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14279/30951","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034351291","display_name":"Johannes Weiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6697-8276"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Weiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035320125","display_name":"Niket Agarwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niket Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062595209","display_name":"Dan Schatzberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0945-4429"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Schatzberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041666592","display_name":"Leon Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leon Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012023483","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-6389"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083862153","display_name":"Blaise Sanouillet","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blaise Sanouillet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012688216","display_name":"Bikash Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8347-8207"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bikash Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064943131","display_name":"Tejun Heo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5665-3205"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tejun Heo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004590343","display_name":"Mayank Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-7566"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070094618","display_name":"Chunqiang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0133-4800"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunqiang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102931209","display_name":"Dimitrios Skarlatos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0289-5499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Skarlatos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034351291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98947412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"609","last_page":"621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8146898746490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.6348170638084412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.5885083675384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5181740522384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.49359428882598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleaved-memory","display_name":"Interleaved memory","score":0.47263213992118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.4184485673904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.4119831919670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.31425565481185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2595689594745636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8146898746490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.6348170638084412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.5885083675384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5181740522384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.49359428882598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63511323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908936","display_name":"Interleaved memory","level":4,"score":0.47263213992118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.4184485673904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.4119831919670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.31425565481185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2595689594745636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503222.3507731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503222.3507731","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ktisis.cut.ac.cy:20.500.14279/30951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14279/30951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400897","display_name":"Ktisis at Cyprus University of Technology (Cyprus University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I163151358","host_organization_name":"Cyprus University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151358"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ktisis.cut.ac.cy:20.500.14279/30951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14279/30951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400897","display_name":"Ktisis at Cyprus University of Technology (Cyprus University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I163151358","host_organization_name":"Cyprus University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151358"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1981321271","https://openalex.org/W2048588974","https://openalex.org/W2070010964","https://openalex.org/W2104305170","https://openalex.org/W2114139104","https://openalex.org/W2135674775","https://openalex.org/W2147926533","https://openalex.org/W2340522713","https://openalex.org/W2583229872","https://openalex.org/W2604595776","https://openalex.org/W2756779857","https://openalex.org/W2757580917","https://openalex.org/W2934584470","https://openalex.org/W2946710172","https://openalex.org/W2954830752","https://openalex.org/W2983931619","https://openalex.org/W3007760906","https://openalex.org/W3021725346","https://openalex.org/W3103991664","https://openalex.org/W3156553575","https://openalex.org/W3206341493","https://openalex.org/W3206677347","https://openalex.org/W3207820050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2484628155","https://openalex.org/W2526783553","https://openalex.org/W2999459628","https://openalex.org/W3048967625","https://openalex.org/W1487697053","https://openalex.org/W2043352873","https://openalex.org/W1554378476","https://openalex.org/W2199439667","https://openalex.org/W2296275612","https://openalex.org/W2074563599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,71],"unrelenting":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,7,18,48,93,217,224,251,257],"the":[4,49,129,169,174,188,193,214,221,232,252,270],"memory":[5,61,64,110,156,164,202,208,219,254],"needs":[6],"emerging":[8],"datacenter":[9,115,262],"applications,":[10],"along":[11],"with":[12,86],"ever":[13],"increasing":[14],"cost":[15,50],"and":[16,36,51,89,102,139,145,173,209,212,220,246],"volatility":[17],"DRAM":[19,24,44],"prices,":[20],"has":[21,236,247],"led":[22],"to":[23,57,62,76,133,157,159,168,177],"being":[25],"a":[26,46,78,119,244],"major":[27],"infrastructure":[28],"expense.":[29],"Alternative":[30],"technologies,":[31],"such":[32,97],"as":[33,98],"NVMe":[34],"SSDs":[35],"upcoming":[37],"NVM":[38],"devices,":[39],"offer":[40],"higher":[41],"capacity":[42],"than":[43,243],"at":[45],"fraction":[47],"power.":[52],"One":[53],"promising":[54],"approach":[55],"is":[56,75,82],"transparently":[58],"offload":[59,95,158],"colder":[60],"cheaper":[63],"technologies":[65],"via":[66],"kernel":[67,122],"or":[68,165],"hypervisor":[69],"techniques.":[70],"key":[72],"challenge,":[73],"however,":[74],"develop":[77],"datacenter-scale":[79],"solution":[80,112],"that":[81,124,196,227],"robust":[83],"in":[84,127,239,259],"dealing":[85],"diverse":[87],"workloads":[88],"large":[90,261],"performance":[91,171],"variance":[92],"different":[94],"devices":[96,161],"compressed":[99,163],"memory,":[100,138],"SSD,":[101],"NVM.":[103],"This":[104],"paper":[105],"presents":[106],"TMO,":[107],"Meta\u2019s":[108],"transparent":[109],"offloading":[111,183],"for":[113,241],"heterogeneous":[114,160],"environments.":[116],"TMO":[117,151,180,204,235,268],"introduces":[118],"new":[120],"Linux":[121,271],"mechanism":[123],"directly":[125],"measures":[126],"realtime":[128],"lost":[130],"work":[131],"due":[132],"resource":[134],"shortage":[135],"across":[136,255],"CPU,":[137],"I/O.":[140],"Guided":[141],"by":[142],"this":[143],"information":[144],"without":[146],"any":[147],"prior":[148],"application":[149,189],"knowledge,":[150],"automatically":[152],"adjusts":[153],"how":[154],"much":[155],"(e.g.,":[162],"SSD)":[166],"according":[167],"device\u2019s":[170],"characteristics":[172],"application\u2019s":[175],"sensitivity":[176],"memory-access":[178],"slowdown.":[179],"holistically":[181],"identifies":[182],"opportunities":[184],"from":[185,231],"not":[186],"only":[187],"containers":[190,195],"but":[191],"also":[192],"sidecar":[194],"provide":[197],"infrastructure-level":[198],"functions.":[199],"To":[200],"maximize":[201],"savings,":[203],"targets":[205],"both":[206],"anonymous":[207,218],"file":[210,225,233],"cache,":[211],"balances":[213],"swap-in":[215],"rate":[216,223],"reload":[222],"pages":[226],"were":[228],"recently":[229],"evicted":[230],"cache.":[234],"been":[237],"running":[238],"production":[240],"more":[242],"year,":[245],"saved":[248],"between":[249],"20-32%":[250],"total":[253],"millions":[256],"servers":[258],"our":[260],"fleet.":[263],"We":[264],"have":[265],"successfully":[266],"upstreamed":[267],"into":[269],"kernel.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-24T08:23:43.765630","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}