{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200475436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494991","title":"FaceBit","display_name":"FaceBit","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200475436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3494991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077704222","display_name":"Alexander Curtiss","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Curtiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042013637","display_name":"Blaine Rothrock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2039-0988"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blaine Rothrock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101464678","display_name":"Abu Bakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-7454"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abu Bakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058721174","display_name":"Nivedita Arora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-9919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nivedita Arora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044131222","display_name":"Jason Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064340493","display_name":"Zachary Englhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-6466"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Englhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029719043","display_name":"Aaron-Patrick Empedrado","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron-Patrick Empedrado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070026444","display_name":"Chixiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1923-6318"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chixiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044748627","display_name":"Saad Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0341-2997"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354782","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-6968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001385856","display_name":"Nabil Alshurafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6681-7564"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabil Alshurafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026852792","display_name":"Josiah Hester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-085X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josiah Hester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077704222"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8944192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.6472718715667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-masks","display_name":"Face masks","score":0.6100751161575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6039637923240662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.44499245285987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.41947564482688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3765770196914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3631138801574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3373320698738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.2432449758052826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2231961190700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17416062951087952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.6472718715667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909791563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428367","display_name":"Face masks","level":5,"score":0.6100751161575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6039637923240662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.44499245285987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.41947564482688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3765770196914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3631138801574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3373320698738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.2432449758052826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2231961190700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17416062951087952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3494991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2121263341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2032408, CNS-1850496, CNS-2038853, CNS-2030251, CNS-2107400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W317521241","https://openalex.org/W1034491903","https://openalex.org/W1990998364","https://openalex.org/W1998993025","https://openalex.org/W2058553491","https://openalex.org/W2060556821","https://openalex.org/W2061449654","https://openalex.org/W2105367543","https://openalex.org/W2123418885","https://openalex.org/W2124705135","https://openalex.org/W2127976353","https://openalex.org/W2131368080","https://openalex.org/W2135450947","https://openalex.org/W2142034317","https://openalex.org/W2142556291","https://openalex.org/W2144685889","https://openalex.org/W2156567116","https://openalex.org/W2209868569","https://openalex.org/W2247908160","https://openalex.org/W2482318264","https://openalex.org/W2511386084","https://openalex.org/W2547717408","https://openalex.org/W2553562632","https://openalex.org/W2611370836","https://openalex.org/W2675209525","https://openalex.org/W2732113146","https://openalex.org/W2749225939","https://openalex.org/W2754008471","https://openalex.org/W2754779781","https://openalex.org/W2765538626","https://openalex.org/W2788956358","https://openalex.org/W2793756233","https://openalex.org/W2795778794","https://openalex.org/W2797083309","https://openalex.org/W2808332835","https://openalex.org/W2808889642","https://openalex.org/W2861076619","https://openalex.org/W2890911296","https://openalex.org/W2891053383","https://openalex.org/W2897647475","https://openalex.org/W2898134739","https://openalex.org/W2899199426","https://openalex.org/W2929834255","https://openalex.org/W2953785660","https://openalex.org/W2972481104","https://openalex.org/W2979514732","https://openalex.org/W2996943723","https://openalex.org/W3007859670","https://openalex.org/W3029790089","https://openalex.org/W3081334319","https://openalex.org/W3083307721","https://openalex.org/W3093942761","https://openalex.org/W4233421246","https://openalex.org/W4243268853","https://openalex.org/W4243850336","https://openalex.org/W4246057710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3138405103","https://openalex.org/W4283367364","https://openalex.org/W3034529322","https://openalex.org/W2115913271","https://openalex.org/W4200151461","https://openalex.org/W4313390248","https://openalex.org/W2113597336","https://openalex.org/W3127046093","https://openalex.org/W2155505549","https://openalex.org/W2011442434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"COVID-19":[1,203],"pandemic":[2],"has":[3],"dramatically":[4],"increased":[5],"the":[6,12,21,29,41,177],"use":[7],"of":[8,45,93,170],"face":[9,52,80,102,186],"masks":[10,33,53],"across":[11],"world.":[13],"Aside":[14],"from":[15,138,152],"physical":[16],"distancing,":[17],"they":[18],"are":[19,34,54],"among":[20],"most":[22],"effective":[23],"protection":[24],"for":[25,78,198],"healthcare":[26],"workers":[27,205],"and":[28,38,69,97,116,133,135,189,191,206],"general":[30],"population.":[31],"Face":[32],"passive":[35],"devices,":[36],"however,":[37],"cannot":[39],"alert":[40],"user":[42,114],"in":[43,184],"case":[44],"improper":[46],"fit":[47],"or":[48,155,173],"mask":[49,81,187],"degradation.":[50],"Additionally,":[51],"optimally":[55],"positioned":[56],"to":[57,157,181,202],"give":[58],"unique":[59],"insight":[60],"into":[61,100],"some":[62],"personal":[63],"health":[64,94,199],"metrics.":[65],"Recognizing":[66],"this":[67],"limitation":[68],"opportunity,":[70],"we":[71],"present":[72],"FaceBit:":[73],"an":[74,144],"open-source":[75],"research":[76,183],"platform":[77],"smart":[79,185],"applications.":[82],"FaceBit's":[83],"design":[84],"was":[85],"informed":[86],"by":[87,107],"needfinding":[88],"studies":[89],"with":[90,143],"a":[91,108,113,167,193],"cohort":[92],"professionals.":[95],"Small":[96],"easily":[98],"secured":[99],"any":[101],"mask,":[103],"FaceBit":[104,148,175],"is":[105],"accompanied":[106],"mobile":[109,178],"application":[110],"that":[111,164],"provides":[112,192],"interface":[115],"facilitates":[117],"research.":[118],"It":[119],"monitors":[120],"heart":[121],"rate":[122,129],"without":[123],"skin":[124],"contact":[125],"via":[126,130],"ballistocardiography,":[127],"respiration":[128],"temperature":[131],"changes,":[132],"mask-fit":[134],"wear":[136],"time":[137],"pressure":[139],"signals,":[140],"all":[141],"on-device":[142],"energy-efficient":[145],"runtime":[146],"system.":[147],"can":[149],"harvest":[150],"energy":[151],"breathing,":[153],"motion,":[154],"sunlight":[156],"supplement":[158],"its":[159],"tiny":[160],"primary":[161],"cell":[162],"battery":[163,168],"alone":[165],"delivers":[166],"lifetime":[169],"11":[171],"days":[172],"more.":[174],"empowers":[176],"computing":[179],"community":[180],"jumpstart":[182],"sensing":[188],"inference,":[190],"sustainable,":[194],"convenient":[195],"form":[196],"factor":[197],"management,":[200],"applicable":[201],"frontline":[204],"beyond.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
