{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224326164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3512254","title":"Generating Perturbation-based Explanations with Robustness to Out-of-Distribution Data","display_name":"Generating Perturbation-based Explanations with Robustness to Out-of-Distribution Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224326164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3512254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485447.3512254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3512254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608783","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076010055","display_name":"Luyu Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luyu Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Research Hong Kong, Hong Kong and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Research Hong Kong, Hong Kong and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052533101","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2089-186X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Research Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Research Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052597827","display_name":"Caleb Chen Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8050-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caleb Chen Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Research Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Research Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024809346","display_name":"Yueyuan Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueyuan Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Research Hong Kong, Hong Kong and University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Research Hong Kong, Hong Kong and University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068153509","display_name":"Hilary Hei Ting Ngai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4041-2208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilary Ngai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Research Hong Kong, Hong Kong and University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Research Hong Kong, Hong Kong and University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079353328","display_name":"Janet H. Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2271-8710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333516","display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8257-5806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076010055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89982509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3594","last_page":"3605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7093288898468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6813154816627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","score":0.5035569071769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4347188472747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4075332581996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40662771463394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40169721841812134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7093288898468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6813154816627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5035569071769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4347188472747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4075332581996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40662771463394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40169721841812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485447.3512254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3512254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608783","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-117313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-85129794248&origin=inward","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-117313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-117313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W2074937039","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2503388974","https://openalex.org/W2606462007","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2747329762","https://openalex.org/W2793406320","https://openalex.org/W2809925683","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2962843949","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2963847595","https://openalex.org/W2988157455","https://openalex.org/W2996061341","https://openalex.org/W3005086430","https://openalex.org/W3012216629","https://openalex.org/W3015177564","https://openalex.org/W3034230713","https://openalex.org/W3101609372","https://openalex.org/W3102564565","https://openalex.org/W3134982597","https://openalex.org/W3202805721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W2989452537"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Perturbation-based":[0],"techniques":[1],"are":[2],"promising":[3],"for":[4,92,161],"explaining":[5],"black-box":[6],"machine":[7],"learning":[8],"models":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,52,119,199],"their":[12],"effectiveness":[13],"and":[14,78,101,131,147],"ease":[15],"of":[16,25,31,44,88,104,158,170,193],"implementation.":[17],"However,":[18],"prior":[19],"works":[20],"have":[21],"faced":[22],"the":[23,38,42,59,72,75,79,86,93,98,105,110,123,155,162,168,200],"problem":[24,157,183],"Out-of-Distribution":[26],"(OoD)":[27],"\u2014":[28],"an":[29],"artifact":[30],"randomly":[32],"perturbed":[33,76,94],"data":[34,77,91],"becoming":[35],"inconsistent":[36],"with":[37,122,145,184],"original":[39,80],"dataset,":[40],"degrading":[41],"reliability":[43],"generated":[45],"explanations,":[46],"which":[47],"is":[48,117],"still":[49],"under-explored":[50],"according":[51],"our":[53,137,166,177],"best":[54],"knowledge.":[55],"This":[56],"work":[57],"addresses":[58],"OoD":[60,90,201],"issue":[61],"by":[62,96],"designing":[63],"a":[64,181,185,188],"simple":[65],"yet":[66],"effective":[67],"module":[68],"that":[69,136,196],"can":[70,172],"quantify":[71],"affinity":[73],"between":[74],"dataset":[81],"distribution.":[82],"Specifically,":[83],"we":[84,152],"penalize":[85],"influences":[87],"unreliable":[89],"samples":[95],"integrating":[97],"inlier":[99],"scores":[100],"prediction":[102],"results":[103],"target":[106],"models,":[107],"thereby":[108],"making":[109],"final":[111],"explanations":[112],"more":[113],"robust.":[114],"Our":[115],"solution":[116,178],"shown":[118],"be":[120,173],"compatible":[121],"most":[124,143],"popular":[125],"perturbation-based":[126],"XAI":[127,194],"algorithms:":[128],"RISE,":[129],"OCCLUSION,":[130],"LIME.":[132],"Extensive":[133],"experiments":[134],"confirmed":[135],"methods":[138],"exhibit":[139],"superior":[140],"performance":[141,169],"in":[142],"cases":[144],"computational":[146],"cognitive":[148],"metrics.":[149],"In":[150],"particular,":[151],"point":[153],"out":[154],"degradation":[156],"RISE":[159,171],"algorithm":[160],"first":[163],"time.":[164],"With":[165],"design,":[167],"boosted":[174],"significantly.":[175],"Besides,":[176],"also":[179],"resolves":[180],"fundamental":[182],"faithfulness":[186],"indicator,":[187],"commonly":[189],"used":[190],"evaluation":[191],"metric":[192],"algorithms":[195],"appears":[197],"sensitive":[198],"issue.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}