{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200895730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3475716.3475783","title":"Who are Vulnerability Reporters?","display_name":"Who are Vulnerability Reporters?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200895730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3475716.3475783","mag":"3200895730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3475716.3475783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3475716.3475783","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103083515","display_name":"\u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8383-4761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Alexopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073112840","display_name":"Andrew Meneely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-1408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Meneely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064642318","display_name":"Dorian Arnouts","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorian Arnouts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021712397","display_name":"Max M\u00fchlh\u00e4user","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-5327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max M\u00fchlh\u00e4user","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103083515"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79115308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.8837243914604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.8490250110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-management","display_name":"Vulnerability management","score":0.7125633955001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6700925827026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6664106845855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odds","display_name":"Odds","score":0.6455226540565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6237748861312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-coding","display_name":"Secure coding","score":0.6057496070861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.5306642651557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4785202741622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.43302077054977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4145756959915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3940315246582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.37334221601486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.2974504232406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1749909520149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.10909834504127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07795226573944092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.8837243914604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.8490250110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172776598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7943570","display_name":"Vulnerability management","level":4,"score":0.7125633955001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6700925827026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6664106845855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.6455226540565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6237748861312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22680326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444867","display_name":"Secure coding","level":5,"score":0.6057496070861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.5306642651557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4785202741622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.43302077054977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4145756959915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3940315246582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.37334221601486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.2974504232406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1749909520149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.10909834504127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07795226573944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3475716.3475783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3475716.3475783","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:128197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/128197/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321961","display_name":"Hessisches Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kunst","ror":"https://ror.org/00zd5gr55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490011260","https://openalex.org/W1580060001","https://openalex.org/W1685057348","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2021348304","https://openalex.org/W2022203852","https://openalex.org/W2050489281","https://openalex.org/W2057462391","https://openalex.org/W2076279155","https://openalex.org/W2099183630","https://openalex.org/W2104556041","https://openalex.org/W2109156518","https://openalex.org/W2121354092","https://openalex.org/W2124418175","https://openalex.org/W2136173752","https://openalex.org/W2142105636","https://openalex.org/W2163593802","https://openalex.org/W2168234580","https://openalex.org/W2513442265","https://openalex.org/W2547695167","https://openalex.org/W2766411424","https://openalex.org/W2963863248","https://openalex.org/W3022734214","https://openalex.org/W3093633035","https://openalex.org/W3102446060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383958993","https://openalex.org/W3043810321","https://openalex.org/W2560421591","https://openalex.org/W2892115998","https://openalex.org/W2537414278","https://openalex.org/W2796094063","https://openalex.org/W2123075981","https://openalex.org/W1978034799","https://openalex.org/W2062583373","https://openalex.org/W4384518368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(Background)":[0],"Software":[1],"vulnerabilities":[2,83],"pose":[3],"a":[4,16],"serious":[5],"threat":[6],"to":[7,21,30,43,102,116],"the":[8,49,58,71,74,90,95,112],"security":[9,82,104],"of":[10,36,57,70,73,89,114],"computer":[11],"systems.":[12],"Hence,":[13],"there":[14],"is":[15,39],"constant":[17],"race":[18],"for":[19,51],"defenders":[20],"find":[22],"and":[23,47,61,76,80,106],"patch":[24],"them":[25],"before":[26],"attackers":[27],"are":[28],"able":[29],"exploit":[31],"them.":[32],"Measuring":[33],"different":[34],"aspects":[35],"this":[37],"process":[38,63],"important":[40],"in":[41,98],"order":[42],"better":[44,103],"understand":[45],"it":[46],"improve":[48],"odds":[50],"defenders.":[52],"(Aims)":[53],"The":[54],"human":[55],"factor":[56],"vulnerability":[59,99,118],"discovery":[60],"patching":[62],"has":[64],"received":[65],"limited":[66],"attention.":[67],"Better":[68],"knowledge":[69],"characteristics":[72],"people":[75],"organizations":[77],"who":[78],"discover":[79],"report":[81],"can":[84],"considerably":[85],"enhance":[86],"our":[87],"understanding":[88],"process,":[91],"provide":[92],"insights":[93],"regarding":[94,111],"expended":[96],"effort":[97],"hunting,":[100],"contribute":[101],"metrics,":[105],"help":[107],"guide":[108],"practical":[109],"decisions":[110],"strategy":[113],"projects":[115],"attract":[117],"researchers.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-26T08:16:20.718346","created_date":"2021-09-27T00:00:00"}
