{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202299883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472623","title":"Mask or Non-Mask? Robust Face Mask Detector via Triplet-Consistency Representation Learning","display_name":"Mask or Non-Mask? Robust Face Mask Detector via Triplet-Consistency Representation Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202299883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472623","mag":"3202299883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021472102","display_name":"Chun\u2010Wei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6300-1703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Wei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021642477","display_name":"Thanh Hai Phung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanh Hai Phung","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040050806","display_name":"Hong-Han Shuai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2216-077X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Han Shuai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000780442","display_name":"Wen-Huang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4662-7875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99613584","display_name":"National Taipei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e29r284","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Huang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and National Chung Hsing University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and National Chung Hsing University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613","https://openalex.org/I162838928","https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80797201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1s","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8924679756164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5943898558616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5917425751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5823940634727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5487776398658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5258398652076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4682897925376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4588435888290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.4369089603424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4332715570926666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-masks","display_name":"Face masks","score":0.4219186007976532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35811781883239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3520786464214325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3293369710445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16339054703712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.1332549750804901}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8924679756164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5943898558616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5917425751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5823940634727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5487776398658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5258398652076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4682897925376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4588435888290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.4369089603424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4332715570926666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909791563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428367","display_name":"Face masks","level":5,"score":0.4219186007976532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35811781883239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3520786464214325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3293369710445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16339054703712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.1332549750804901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7216631965","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST-109-2223-E-009-002-MY3, MOST-110-2634-F-007-015, MOST-109-2218-E-002-015, MOST-109-2221-E-009-114-MY3, MOST-110-2218-E-A49-018, MOST-109-2327-B-010-005, MOST-109-2221-E-009-097 and MOST-109-2221-E-001-015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7746136","https://openalex.org/W569478347","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1780066064","https://openalex.org/W1950843348","https://openalex.org/W1971745224","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2120419212","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2129305389","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2509818455","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2578797046","https://openalex.org/W2604375920","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2739722733","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2785325870","https://openalex.org/W2787652200","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2885976210","https://openalex.org/W2909948317","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2934198733","https://openalex.org/W2944165510","https://openalex.org/W2954930822","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963402313","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963495494","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963598138","https://openalex.org/W2963927307","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2969825080","https://openalex.org/W2970369250","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2986357608","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2990154684","https://openalex.org/W2990859148","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3009323895","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3014271510","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3021953217","https://openalex.org/W3034522582","https://openalex.org/W3034724037","https://openalex.org/W3034781633","https://openalex.org/W3034934229","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3035049382","https://openalex.org/W3035060554","https://openalex.org/W3035396860","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3037784242","https://openalex.org/W3095635545","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3097551614","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3100882149","https://openalex.org/W3101246443","https://openalex.org/W3102696055","https://openalex.org/W3102701618","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3109689953","https://openalex.org/W3128112455","https://openalex.org/W3128758033","https://openalex.org/W3179888767","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4310895557","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6762082143","https://openalex.org/W6779809370","https://openalex.org/W6792041679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240200267","https://openalex.org/W1511510665","https://openalex.org/W1524661185","https://openalex.org/W2078823605","https://openalex.org/W3208297503","https://openalex.org/W2889153461","https://openalex.org/W3119773509","https://openalex.org/W2964117661","https://openalex.org/W4388405611","https://openalex.org/W2619127353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,12,17,20,24,37,59,64,76,92,103,107,121,130,142,165,171,175,200,204,210,215,229],"absence":[2],"of":[3,11,19,26,39,63,109,132,135,174],"vaccines":[4],"or":[5,42,79,95],"medicines":[6],"to":[7,15,29,35,68,74,89,100,169,207,242],"stop":[8],"COVID-19,":[9],"one":[10,62],"effective":[13,172],"methods":[14],"slow":[16],"spread":[18],"coronavirus":[21],"and":[22,55,97,147,203,214,219],"reduce":[23],"overloading":[25],"healthcare":[27],"is":[28,53,67,139,150,236],"wear":[30],"a":[31,158,239],"face":[32,40,136,159],"mask.":[33],"Nevertheless,":[34],"mandate":[36],"use":[38],"masks":[41,149,218],"coverings":[43],"in":[44,153],"public":[45,240,244],"areas,":[46],"additional":[47],"human":[48],"resources":[49],"are":[50],"required,":[51],"which":[52],"tedious":[54],"attention-intensive.":[56],"To":[57],"automate":[58],"monitoring":[60,93],"process,":[61],"promising":[65],"solutions":[66],"leverage":[69],"existing":[70],"object":[71,114],"detection":[72,108,115,138,161],"models":[73,116],"detect":[75],"faces":[77,110,145],"with":[78,102,146,194,209],"without":[80,111,148],"masks.":[81,112],"As":[82],"such,":[83],"security":[84],"officers":[85],"do":[86],"not":[87],"have":[88,99],"stare":[90],"at":[91,246],"devices":[94],"crowds,":[96],"only":[98],"deal":[101,208],"alerts":[104],"triggered":[105],"by":[106,180,198],"Existing":[113],"usually":[117],"focus":[118],"on":[119],"designing":[120],"CNN-based":[122],"network":[123,179],"architectures":[124],"for":[125],"extracting":[126],"discriminative":[127],"features.":[128],"However,":[129],"size":[131],"training":[133,212],"datasets":[134],"mask":[137,160],"small,":[140],"while":[141],"difference":[143],"between":[144,217],"subtle.":[151],"Therefore,":[152],"this":[154],"article,":[155],"we":[156,188],"propose":[157,190],"framework":[162],"that":[163,225],"uses":[164],"context":[166],"attention":[167,173,183],"module":[168],"enable":[170],"feed-forward":[176],"convolution":[177],"neural":[178],"adapting":[181],"their":[182],"maps\u2019":[184],"feature":[185],"refinement.":[186],"Moreover,":[187],"further":[189],"an":[191],"anchor-free":[192],"detector":[193],"Triplet-Consistency":[195],"Representation":[196],"Learning":[197],"integrating":[199],"consistency":[201],"loss":[202,206],"triplet":[205],"small-scale":[211],"data":[213],"similarity":[216],"occlusions.":[220],"Extensive":[221],"experimental":[222],"results":[223],"show":[224],"our":[226],"method":[227],"outperforms":[228],"other":[230],"state-of-the-art":[231],"methods.":[232],"The":[233],"source":[234],"code":[235],"released":[237],"as":[238],"download":[241],"improve":[243],"health":[245],"https://github.com/wei-1006/MaskFaceDetection":[247],".":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}