{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201667259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3471287.3471292","title":"A Survey of CNN and Facial Recognition Methods in the Age of COVID-19\u2217","display_name":"A Survey of CNN and Facial Recognition Methods in the Age of COVID-19\u2217","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201667259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3471287.3471292","mag":"3201667259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3471287.3471292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3471287.3471292","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3471287.3471292","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 the 5th International Conference on Information System and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3471287.3471292","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038472785","display_name":"Adinma Chidumije","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184813773","display_name":"California State University, East Bay","ror":"https://ror.org/04jaeba88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adinma Chidumije","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University East Bay, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University East Bay, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023637138","display_name":"Fatima Gowher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184813773","display_name":"California State University, East Bay","ror":"https://ror.org/04jaeba88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Gowher","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University East Bay, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University East Bay, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000187047","display_name":"Ehsan Kamalinejad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184813773","display_name":"California State University, East Bay","ror":"https://ror.org/04jaeba88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Kamalinejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University East Bay, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University East Bay, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006663355","display_name":"Justin Mercado","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184813773","display_name":"California State University, East Bay","ror":"https://ror.org/04jaeba88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Mercado","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University East Bay, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University East Bay, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059501164","display_name":"Jiwanjot Soni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184813773","display_name":"California State University, East Bay","ror":"https://ror.org/04jaeba88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwanjot Soni","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University East Bay, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University East Bay, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111582391","display_name":"Jiaofei Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184813773","display_name":"California State University, East Bay","ror":"https://ror.org/04jaeba88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaofei Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University East Bay, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University East Bay, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038472785"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0971,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40451308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"104","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13693","display_name":"Smart Systems and Machine Learning","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7426716089248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7093700170516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6778664588928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6291137337684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.628629207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5659665465354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-legality","display_name":"Principle of legality","score":0.5410150289535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4932193160057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.4779001474380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.46894311904907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4269939363002777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39180788397789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.30682292580604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.142581045627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.13010439276695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.09411492943763733}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7426716089248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7093700170516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6778664588928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6291137337684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.628629207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5659665465354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42027317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307054","display_name":"Principle of legality","level":2,"score":0.5410150289535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4932193160057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4779001474380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46894311904907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4269939363002777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39180788397789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.30682292580604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.142581045627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13010439276695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.09411492943763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3471287.3471292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3471287.3471292","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3471287.3471292","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 the 5th International Conference on Information System and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3471287.3471292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3471287.3471292","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3471287.3471292","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 the 5th International Conference on Information System and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3194799640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMS-1620268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3626455429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1620500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4940615408","display_name":"REU Site: California State University, Fresno Research Experiences in Mathematics","funder_award_id":"1460151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5486711188","display_name":"Collaborative Proposal:   Faculty and Undergraduate Research Student Teams (FURST)","funder_award_id":"1620268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332939","display_name":"California State University, East Bay","ror":"https://ror.org/04jaeba88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201667259.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201667259.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2071352213","https://openalex.org/W2513140567","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2888590069","https://openalex.org/W2935789400","https://openalex.org/W3005938958","https://openalex.org/W3016784784","https://openalex.org/W3017357154","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4243630227","https://openalex.org/W4248104800","https://openalex.org/W4301409532","https://openalex.org/W6819060087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122346207","https://openalex.org/W4280488862","https://openalex.org/W2361823710","https://openalex.org/W2382763736","https://openalex.org/W4280647041","https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2378357372","https://openalex.org/W2888591139","https://openalex.org/W2358425177","https://openalex.org/W2985118265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20],"rising":[1],"popularity":[2],"of":[3,11,22,63,111],"facial":[4,70],"recognition":[5],"technology":[6],"has":[7],"prompted":[8],"a":[9,23,40],"lot":[10],"questions":[12],"about":[13],"its":[14],"application,":[15],"reliability,":[16,107],"safety,":[17],"and":[18,29,55,108],"legality.":[19],"ability":[21],"machine":[24,79],"to":[25,42],"identify":[26],"an":[27,33],"individual":[28],"their":[30],"emotions":[31],"through":[32],"image":[34],"with":[35,60],"near":[36],"perfect":[37],"accuracy":[38],"is":[39,69,73,77],"testament":[41],"how":[43],"far":[44],"Artificial":[45],"intelligence":[46],"(AI)":[47],"models":[48],"have":[49],"come.":[50],"This":[51],"study":[52],"rigorously":[53],"analyzes":[54],"consolidates":[56],"several":[57],"reputable":[58],"materials":[59],"the":[61,65,78,84,93,102,112],"purposes":[62],"answering":[64],"following":[66],"questions:":[67],"What":[68,76],"recognition?":[71],"How":[72,82],"data":[74],"acquired?":[75],"learning":[80],"process?":[81],"does":[83],"Convolution":[85],"Neural":[86],"Network":[87],"(CNN)":[88],"work?":[89],"It":[90],"also":[91],"explores":[92],"potential":[94],"obstructions":[95],"such":[96],"as":[97],"face":[98],"masks":[99],"that":[100],"affect":[101],"machine's":[103],"accuracy,":[104],"security":[105],"vulnerabilities,":[106],"legal":[109],"concerns":[110],"technology.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}